Effects of diet-induced weight loss on postprandial vascular function after consumption of a mixed meal: Results of a randomized controlled trial with abdominally obese men.

Peter J Joris, Jogchum Plat, Yvo H A M Kusters, Alfons J H M Houben, Coen D A Stehouwer, Casper G Schalkwijk, Ronald P Mensink

Journal: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2021;39(10):2998-3004

PMID: 31982191

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Effects of weight loss on postprandial vascular function have not been studied so far. We therefore examined (i) effects of diet-induced weight loss on postprandial changes in various vascular function markers after consumption of a mixed meal and (ii) differences between normal-weight and abdominally obese men of comparable age at baseline and after weight loss.

METHODS

Fifty-four apparently healthy abdominally obese (waist circumference: 102-110 cm) and 25 normal-weight men (waist circumference: <94 cm) participated. The abdominally obese men were randomly allocated to a diet-induced weight-loss program or a no-weight loss control group. Men assigned to the weight-loss program followed a calorie-restricted diet for six weeks targeting a waist circumference of less than 102 cm, followed by a weight-maintenance period for two weeks. The control group maintained their habitual diet and physical activity levels. Measurements were performed before and two hours after consumption of the test meal consisting of two muffins (containing 56.6 g fat) and 300 mL low-fat milk.

RESULTS

The mean weight loss was 10.3 kg in the weight-loss compared with the control group. The postprandial change in flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD) was significantly higher at baseline in normal-weight as compared with the postprandial change in abdominally obese men (1.89 ± 2.52 versus 0.48 ± 2.50 percentage points; P = 0.027). However, no differences in postprandial changes were observed in the abdominally obese men after weight loss compared with the control treatment. Also, weight reduction did not affect postprandial changes in carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, retinal microvascular caliber properties, or plasma markers of microvascular endothelial function. Even though postprandial increases in triacylglycerol (P = 0.028), insulin (P = 0.029) and C-peptide concentrations (P < 0.001) were reduced in the abdominally obese men following weight loss, postprandial changes in FMD at the end of the weight-loss treatment were still more unfavorable as compared with those observed in normal-weight individuals.

CONCLUSION

In this trial with abdominally obese men, we did not find effects of diet-induced weight loss on postprandial changes in vascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness and markers of microvascular function. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under study number NCT01675401.

Address: Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands; The Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, 6709, PA, the Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands.; Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands; The Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, 6709, PA, the Netherlands.; Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands.; Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands; The Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, 6709, PA, the Netherlands.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.006

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MeSH Terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brachial Artery, Caloric Restriction, Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Obesity, Abdominal, Postprandial Period, Regional Blood Flow, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Vascular Stiffness, Vasodilation, Weight Loss, Young Adult