Randomized trial results of alerting primary clinicians to severe weight loss among older adults in the Low Indexes of Metabolism Intervention Trial part A.

AIM

To test whether alerting clinicians to severe weight loss in older patients leads to higher dietitian visit rates, to higher body mass index (BMI) levels and, mainly, to lower annual death risk.

METHODS

The randomized controlled trial included patients aged ≥75 years, with BMI ≤23 kg/m that decreased ≥2 kg/m during the previous 2 years. All participants received usual care. Additionally, an email alert was sent only to clinicians of participants assigned to the email alert group. The follow-up period was 12 months.

RESULTS

Among 706 participants (mean age 83 ± 6 years; mean baseline BMI 20.5 kg/m ), the BMI record was updated in 541 (77%) participants, and 123 participants died. Dietitian visits were reported for 22 patients (6%) in the email group (n = 362) and 14 patients (4%) in the control group (n = 344; OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.8-2.9; P = 0.24). Measured BMI were raised by a mean of 0.69 (95% CI 0.43-0.95) kg/m versus 0.79 (95% CI 0.48-1.1) kg/m (P = 0.63). A total of 77 patients (21%) died in the intervention group versus 47 (14%) in the control group (P = 0.008; number needed to harm = 13; 95% CI 7-43).

CONCLUSIONS

In this trial, alerting clinical staff to severe weight loss in patients aged ≥75 years was not associated with higher visit rates to a dietitian or change in BMI, but was associated with a significantly higher death rate than usual clinical care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 329-335.

© 2020 Japan Geriatrics Society.