Association of breastfeeding status with risk of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review, dose-response analysis and meta-analysis.

Sherief Ghozy, Linh Tran, Sadiq Naveed, Tran Thuy Huong Quynh, Ahmad Helmy Zayan, Ahmed Waqas, Ahmed Kamal Hamed Sayed, Sedighe Karimzadeh, Kenji Hirayama, Nguyen Tien Huy

Journal: Asian journal of psychiatry 2021;48():101916

PMID: 31923810

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Current evidence indicates that nutritional status in newborns, especially the duration of breastfeeding, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze relevant studies with findings of an association between autism spectrum disorder and breastfeeding patterns, and undertook an extensive dose-response analysis to interpret the results more accurately. Ten electronic databases and manual search of reference lists were used to identify relevant studies in September 2018. Dose-response and conventional meta-analysis were conducted by the random-effects model. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO with CRD42016043128. Seven case-control studies were found in which the association between ever breastfeeding and risk of autism spectrum disorder was investigated. We found a 58 % decrease in the risk of autism spectrum disorder with ever breastfeeding and a 76 % decrease in the risk with exclusive breastfeeding. According to our dose-response meta-analysis, breastfeeding for 6 months was associated with a 54 % reduction in the risk. In the conventional meta-analysis, breastfeeding for 12-24 months was associated with the most significant reduction in the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Our results highlight the importance of breastfeeding to decrease the risk of autism spectrum disorder.

Address: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam. Electronic address: [email protected].; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas 66160, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam. Electronic address: [email protected].; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt. Electronic address: [email protected].; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore Cantt, 54600, Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected].; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt. Electronic address: [email protected].; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Leading Graduate School Program, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].; Evidence Based Medicine Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101916

Link outs

Free resources

Medical:

Subscription / membership required

Full Text Sources:

MeSH Terms: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Breast Feeding, Humans, Protective Factors