Non-nutritional and disease-related anemia in Indone-sia: A systematic review.

Non-nutritional anemia, the second most common type of anemia worldwide after nutritional anemia, includes the anemia of inflammation (AI) and that due to helminthiasis. In this review, we examine the contribution that non-nutritional anemia makes to incidence in Indonesia. Anemia due to helminthiasis is a common problem in Indonesia and contributes to prevalence, particularly in children under 5 years. We conducted a systematic literature review based on Google Scholar and Pubmed for non-nutritional anemia. We supplemented this with hemoglobin and chronic disease data in Makassar where prevalence and type of anemia were available. To effectively reduce anemia prevalence in Indonesia, interventions should address both nutritional and non-nutritional contributing factors, in-cluding infection and genetic predisposition.