The Story of Nanoparticles in Differentiation of Stem Cells into Neural Cells.

["Stem cells have been long looked at as possible therapeutic vehicles in regenerative medicine largely due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential and paracrine actions. Therefore, development of new procedures for the differentiation of stem cells into different cell types holds great potential\u00a0for\u00a0opening new\u00a0opportunities in\u00a0regenerative\u00a0medicine. In addition to various\u00a0methods for inducing stem cell differentiation, the utilization of nanomaterials for differentiation of stem cells has recently received considerable\u00a0attention and has become\u00a0a potential tool for such purpose.\u00a0Multiple lines of evidence revealed that nanomaterial-based scaffolds, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), and biodegradable polymers have led to significant progress in regulation of stem cell differentiation. Several studies indicated that different NPs including selenium, gold, graphene quantum dots (QDs) and silica could be employed for the regulation of differentiation of stem cells such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In addition, magnetic core-shell NPs could be applied for the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggested that NPs are potential candidates which could be utilized for the differentiation of stem cells into various cell types such as neural cells. Herein, we summarized the application of NPs for differentiation of stem cells into various cells in particular neural cells."]