Adiposity is related to neuroelectric indices of motor response preparation in preadolescent children.

Anne M Walk, Lauren B Raine, Arthur F Kramer, Neal J Cohen, Charles H Hillman, Naiman A Khan

Journal: International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology 2020;147():176-183

PMID: 31756405

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have been utilized to study the cognitive implications of health-related behaviors, although many questions remain regarding the neural correlates underlying the cognition and adiposity relationship in childhood. Specifically, it is unknown whether excess fat mass is associated with the neural correlates of motor preparation and activation. The present work examined interrelationships between adiposity and ERPs that index inhibition, stimulus evaluation, and motor planning.

METHOD

To further elucidate the neural components of inhibitory control that are sensitive to adiposity, N2, P3, and response- and stimulus-locked Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRPs) were measured while preadolescent children completed an attentional inhibition task. Whole body percent adiposity was measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

RESULTS

Adiposity was related to the response-locked LRP amplitudes and marginally to P3 amplitude during the incongruent trials, such that participants with less adiposity elicited larger LRP and P3 components. Furthermore, P3 was strongly related to participant reaction times, suggesting that while LRP is strongly associated with adiposity, P3 has a more direct relationship to behavioral task performance.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that while different cognitive functions may be affected by health-related characteristics, stimulus evaluation and motor activation may be particularly sensitive to excess adiposity in children. These findings extend previous work implicating adiposity in cognitive health in the pediatric population.

STUDY IMPORTANCE

Clinical Registry Number: NCT02630667 at https://clinicaltrials.gov.

Address: Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Center for Learning, Nutrition, & Memory, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.10.014

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MeSH Terms: Adiposity, Attention, Child, Child Development, Contingent Negative Variation, Electroencephalography, Event-Related Potentials, P300, Executive Function, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Motor Activity