Hypercalcemia associated with pneumonia in renal transplant recipients: case report and literature review.

: associated pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening opportunistic infection, occurring most frequently in the first year after renal transplantation, and may be associated with hypercalcemia. :We report the case of a renal transplant recipient presenting with associated pneumonia and hypercalcemia due to ectopic production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 6 years after renal transplantation. Calcemia and 1-25 hydroxyvitamin D levels normalized after our patient was treated by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. : We review similar cases to delineate the clinical and biological profile of patients with pneumonia associated hypercalcemia. :Physicians should evoke this diagnosis in renal transplant recipients presenting with pulmonary infection associated with hypercalcemia.