Hepatic Encephalopathy Challenges, Burden, and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach.

Beshoy Yanny, Adam Winters, Sandra Boutros, Sammy Saab

Journal: Clinics in liver disease 2020;23(4):607-623

PMID: 31563214

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. The impact of HE on the health care system is similarly profound. The number of hospital admissions for HE has increased in the last 10-year period. HE is a huge burden to the patients, care givers, and the health care system. HE represents a "revolving door" with readmission, severely affects care givers, and has effects on cognition that can persists after liver transplant. This article reviews the current literature to discuss the challenges and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to HE.

Address: Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 1223 16th street, suite 3100, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 1223 16th street, suite 3100, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.; Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, 200 medical plaza, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 1223 16th street, suite 3100, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, 200 medical plaza, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, 200 medical plaza, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2019.07.001

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MeSH Terms: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Ammonia, Caregivers, Cost of Illness, Dipeptides, Embolization, Therapeutic, Gastrointestinal Agents, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Hospitalization, Humans, Lactulose, Neomycin, Patient Readmission, Rifaximin, Severity of Illness Index, Sodium Benzoate, Sorption Detoxification, Zinc