Ethical and legal issues in palliative care.

This article reviews the ethical principles underlying palliative care, stressing the importance of respecting patient's rights to withdraw or withhold life-sustaining treatment, including artificial hydration and nutrition. There is no ethical or constitutional right to receive physician-assisted suicide or voluntary active euthanasia. This article discusses current ethical controversies in palliative care, including futility, medication dosage and double-effect, terminal sedation, legalization of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, and patient refusal of hydration and nutrition. Relevant legal issues are discussed in tandem with the ethical issues.