Bile Metabolism and Lithogenesis: An Update.

Austin R Dosch, David K Imagawa, Zeljka Jutric

Journal: The Surgical clinics of North America 2019;99(2):215-229

PMID: 30846031

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Bile is composed of multiple macromolecules, including bile acids, free cholesterol, phospholipids, bilirubin, and inorganic ions that aid in digestion, nutrient absorption, and disposal of the insoluble products of heme catabolism. The synthesis and release of bile acids is tightly controlled and dependent on feedback mechanisms that regulate enterohepatic circulation. Alterations in bile composition, impaired gallbladder relaxation, and accelerated nucleation are the principal mechanisms leading to biliary stone formation. Various physiologic conditions and disease states alter bile composition and metabolism, thus increasing the risk of developing gallstones.

Address: Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine.; Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine; Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2018.12.003

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MeSH Terms: Bile, Bile Acids and Salts, Cholelithiasis, Humans