n-3 PUFAs improve erythrocyte fatty acid profile in patients with small AAA: a randomized controlled trial.

Lara T Meital, Mark T Windsor, Rebecca M L Ramirez Jewell, Peter Young, Karl Schulze, Rebecca Magee, Jill O'Donnell, Pankaj Jha, Maria Perissiou, Jonathan Golledge, Tom G Bailey, Peter Brooks, Christopher D Askew, Fraser D Russell

Journal: Journal of lipid research 2020;60(6):1154-1163

PMID: 30914500

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Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important cause of death in older adults, which has no current drug therapy. Inflammation and abnormal redox status are believed to be key pathogenic mechanisms for AAA. In light of evidence correlating inflammation with aberrant fatty acid profiles, this study compared erythrocyte fatty acid content in 43 AAA patients (diameter 3.0-4.5 cm) and 52 healthy controls. In addition, the effect of omega-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on erythrocyte fatty acid content was examined in a cohort of 30 AAA patients as part of a 12 week randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Blood analyses identified associations between AAA and decreased linoleic acid (LA), and AAA and increased Δ6-desaturase activity and biosynthesis of arachidonic acid (AA) from LA. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation (1.5 g DHA + 0.3 g EPA/day) decreased red blood cell distribution width (14.8 ± 0.4% to 13.8 ± 0.2%; P = 0.003) and levels of pro-inflammatory n-6 PUFAs (AA, 12.46 ± 0.23% to 10.14 ± 0.3%, P < 0.001; adrenic acid, 2.12 ± 0.13% to 1.23 ± 0.09%; P < 0.001). In addition, Δ-4 desaturase activity increased (DHA/docosapentaenoic acid ratio, 1.85 ± 0.14 to 3.93 ± 0.17; P < 0.001) and elongase 2/5 activity decreased (adrenic acid/AA ratio, 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.12 ± 0.01; P < 0.01) following supplementation. The findings suggest that n-3 PUFAs improve fatty acid profiles and ameliorate factors associated with inflammation in AAA patients.

Address: GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.; VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.; VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.; GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.; Technical Services University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.; Sunshine Vascular, Buderim, Queensland, Australia.; Sunshine Coast University Hospital Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia; and.; VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.; Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity, and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.; Centre for Genetics, Ecology, and Physiology, School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.; GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia [email protected].; VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.P093013

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MeSH Terms: Aged, Antioxidants, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal, Erythrocytes, Fatty Acid Elongases, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Linoleic Acid, Lipid Metabolism, Male, Middle Aged