Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal.

Mohsin Shah, Erbil Karaman, Gabriella Zito, Marco Noventa, Enrique Reyes-Muñoz, Federica Di Guardo, Michal Ciebiera, Ilker Kahramanoglu, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Li-Te Lin, Shangrong Fan

Journal: Current pharmaceutical design 2020;25(22):2467-2473

PMID: 31333107

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter.

METHODS

We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI.

RESULTS

Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications.

CONCLUSIONS

More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

Address: Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico.; Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.; Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.; Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.; Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722155512

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MeSH Terms: Diabetes, Gestational, Female, Humans, Inositol, Pregnancy