Physiological and Pharmaceutical Knowledge in "Ninja" Society: Suggestions for Modern Anesthesiologists and Intensivists.

Tomonori Takazawa, Masaru Tobe, Masafumi Kimura, Takashi Suto, Jou Ohta, Hiroaki Matsuoka, Hiroyuki Yano, Shigeru Saito

Journal: Journal of anesthesia history 2019;4(4):209-213

PMID: 30558763

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Anesthesiologists and intensivists are modern professionals who provide conscious sedation and respiratory care and prescribe medicines with potential toxicity. Similarly, ninjas, covert agent soldiers who carried out special operations in medieval Japan, also had ample knowledge of toxicology, psychology, human consciousness and respiration. Although the extent of their knowledge remains largely unknown, that which has been described in the literature appears to be practical and scientifically explainable from the standpoint of modern medical science.

Address: Intensive Care Unit, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan 371-8511. Electronic address: [email protected].; Intensive Care Unit, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan 371-8511.; Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan 371-8511.; Intensive Care Unit, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan 371-8511; Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan 371-8511.

DOI: 10.1016/j.janh.2018.10.006

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MeSH Terms: Anesthesiologists, Critical Care, History, Medieval, Japan, Knowledge, Military Personnel, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Physiology