Can untreated PKU patients escape from intellectual disability? A systematic review.

Address: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Department of PKU, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.; University Children's Hospital, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.; Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Pediatrics, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.; Medical Genetics, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA.; Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia Dr Vukan Cupic, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Medical School, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria Alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.; Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital d'Enfants Brabois, CHU Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.; Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.; Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Clinic for Pediatrics, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.; Metabolic Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.; Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Chapel Hill hospital, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.; Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine, Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS foundation trust, London, UK.; Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany.; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Institute of Mother and Child, Centre of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, Chisinau, Moldova.; Newborn Metabolic Screening Unit, LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.; Clinical and Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. [email protected].