Multiphoton-Polymerized 3D Protein Assay.

Multiphoton polymerization (MPP) enables 3D fabrication of micro- and nanoscale devices with complex geometries. Using MPP, we create a 3D platform for protein assays. Elevating the protein-binding sites above the substrate surface allows an optically sectioned readout, minimizing the inevitable background signal from nonspecific protein adsorption at the substrate surface. Two fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assays are demonstrated, the first one relying on streptavidin-biotin recognition and the second one on antibody recognition of apolipoprotein A1, a major constituent of high-density lipoprotein particles. Signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 1000 were achieved. The platform has high potential for 3D multiplexed recognition assays with an increased binding surface for on-chip flow cells.