The open abdomen in trauma and non-trauma patients: WSES guidelines.

Address: 1General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Viale Giovanni Ghirotti, 286, 47521 Cesena, Italy.; 2Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada.; 3Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.; 4ICU Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.; 5Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.; 6Trauma Surgery, Denver Health, Denver, CO USA.; 7Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, USA.; 8Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM)-Unicamp Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil.; 9Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.; Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.; 11Department of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA.; Second Department of Surgery, Meilahti Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; 13Trauma and Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, USA.; 14General and Emergency Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC Canada.; Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Centre, Seattle, USA.; 16General Surgery Department, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel.; First Clinic of General Surgery, University Hospital/UMBAL/St George Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.; General Surgery, Mozir Hospital, Mozir City, Belarus.; ICU and High Care Burn Unit, Ziekenhius Netwerk Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium.; 20Department of Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Services, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.; Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.; General Surgery Department, Letterkenny Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland.; 23Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.; 24Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie Universitätsklinikum Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.; 25Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; 26Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.; 27Acute Care Surgery, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI USA.; 28General and Trauma Surgery Department, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON Canada.; 29Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Bichat Claude-Bernard-HUPNVS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Denis Diderot, Paris, France.; 30ICU Department, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.; 31ICU Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.; 32Surgery Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.; 33Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy.; 34General Surgery Department, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel Aviv, Israel.; General Surgery, "General Calixto García", Habana Medicine University, Havana, Cuba.; General Surgery, Medical Faculty "General Calixto Garcia", Habana Medicine University, Havana, Cuba.; Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.; 38Clin. Univ. de Chirurgie Digestive et de l'Urgence, CHUGA-CHU Grenoble Alpes UGA-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.; General and Emergency Surgery Department, Empoli Hospital, Empoli, Italy.; 40Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Örebro University Hospital and Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden.; General Surgery, Perpignan Hospital, Perpignan, France.; 42Pediatric Trauma Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA.; General and Emergency Surgery, Sergei Kirov Military Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia.; 44Unit of Digestive Surgery, HPB Surgery and Liver Transplant, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.; 45Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.; 46Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia.; 47General Surgery Department, Westchester Medical Center, Westchester, NY USA.; 48Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; 49Department of General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia & The University of Newcastle, Perth, Australia.; 50Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; 51Division of Trauma and Critical Care, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles USA.; General and Thoracic Surgery, Giessen Hospital, Giessen, Germany.; 53Acute Care Surgery and Traumatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.; 54Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.; 55Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada.; Hospital Universitário Terezinha de Jesus, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.; Trauma, Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin/Froedtert Trauma Center, Milwaukee, WI USA.; 58Department of Surgery, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.; 59Department of Surgery and Obs/Gyn, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; 60Milpark Hospital Academic Trauma Center, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; 61Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI USA.; Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Parma Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.