Co-inhibitory profile and cytotoxicity of CD57 PD-1 T cells in end-stage renal disease patients.

Blockade of the CD80/86-CD28 pathway by belatacept after kidney transplantation is associated with an increased risk of rejection compared with standard, calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based therapy. CD28 T cells, which express CD57, are not susceptible to belatacept treatment. High numbers of CD4 CD57 programmed death 1 (PD-1) T cells pretransplantation have been associated with a higher chance of rejection, although conflicting data have been reported. To investigate the working mechanism behind this possible higher chance of rejection, we studied the expression of co-inhibitory molecules (CD223, CD244 and PD-1), proliferative capacity and cytotoxic potential of fluorescence activated cell sorted (FACS) CD4 CD57 PD-1 and CD8 CD57 PD-1 T cells, and their CD57 control populations, after alloantigen stimulation. The effect of belatacept on the cytotoxic capacity of pretransplantation peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 patients who received belatacept post-transplantation was also tested. Expression of co-inhibitory molecule CD223 increased by approximately 10-fold after allogeneic stimulation in all four T cell subsets. Proliferation and up-regulation of CD244 and PD-1 was observed for CD4 CD57 PD-1 T cells after allogeneic stimulation, but no up-regulation of these markers occurred on CD8 T cells or CD4 CD57 PD-1 T cells. However, CD4 CD57 PD-1 T cells and, to a lesser extent, CD8 CD57 PD-1 T cells displayed higher cytotoxicity as indicated by granzyme B expression. Belatacept inhibited the cytotoxic potential of CD4 CD57 PD-1 T cells (median of inhibition 31%, P < 0·01) and CD8 CD57 PD-1 T cells (median of inhibition 10%, P < 0·05). In conclusion, alloantigen-activated CD4 CD57 PD-1 T cells exhibited a less proliferative but more cytotoxic profile than their CD57 counterparts. Their cytotoxic capacity can be inhibited partly by belatacept and was not associated with development of rejection after kidney transplantation.

© 2017 British Society for Immunology.