Nephrotic syndrome in infants and children: pathophysiology and management.

Mallory L Downie, Claire Gallibois, Rulan S Parekh, Damien G Noone

Journal: Paediatrics and international child health 2018;37(4):248-258

PMID: 28914167

Abstract

Nephrotic syndrome is defined by nephrotic-range proteinuria (≥40 mg/m/hour or urine protein/creatinine ratio ≥200 mg/mL or 3+ protein on urine dipstick), hypoalbuminaemia (<25 g/L) and oedema. This review focuses on the classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, management strategies and prognosis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood, and includes a brief overview of the congenital forms.

Address: a Department of Paediatrics , Univeristy of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.; b Division of Nephrology , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada.; c Department of Paediatrics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.; d Department of Medicine , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland.; a Department of Paediatrics , Univeristy of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.; b Division of Nephrology , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada.; c Department of Paediatrics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.; d Department of Medicine , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland.; e Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Canada.; f Division of Nephrology , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada.; g Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.

DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2017.1374003