Effects of postnatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on offspring pro-resolving mediators of inflammation at 6 months and 5 years of age: A double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.

V H L See, E Mas, S L Prescott, L J Beilin, S Burrows, A E Barden, R C Huang, T A Mori

Journal: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids 2018;126():126-132

PMID: 29031390

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Resolution of inflammation is an active process involving specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) generated from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during infancy may provide an intervention strategy to modify SPMs and reduce oxidative stress. This study evaluates the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in infancy on SPMs and F-isoprostanes from 6 months to 5 years of age.

METHODS

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study design, 420 infants were randomized to a daily supplement of omega-3 fatty acids (280mg DHA and 110mg EPA) or olive oil (control), from birth to age 6 months. Blood was collected at birth (cord blood), 6 months, 12 months and 5 years. Plasma SPMs included 18-HEPE, E-series resolvins, 17-HDHA, D-series resolvins, 14-HDHA, 10S,17S-DiHDoHE, MaR1 and PD1. F-isoprostanes were measured in plasma and urine, as markers of oxidative stress in vivo.

RESULTS

The change in the concentration of 18-HEPE from birth to 6 months was greater in the omega-3 fatty acid group (P=0.04) with levels at 6 months significantly higher than controls (P=0.02). Other SPMs were not different between the groups at any time point. Plasma 18-HEPE concentration were associated with erythrocyte EPA concentrations after age and group adjustments (P<0.001), but not with allergic outcomes at 12 months. There were no between-group differences in plasma and urinary F-isoprostanes at any time point.

CONCLUSION

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation from birth to 6 months of age increased SPM at 6 months but the effects were not sustained after supplementation ceased. Given that 18-HEPE is a biologically active metabolite, future studies should examine how the increase in 18-HEPE relates to potential health benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in infancy.

Address: School of Medicine Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].; School of Medicine Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kid's Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.; Telethon Kid's Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.008

Link outs

Free resources

Other Literature Sources:

https://scite.ai/reports/29031390

Research Materials:

https://antibodies.cancer.gov/detail/CPTC-TIMP1-2

Subscription / membership required

Full Text Sources:

MeSH Terms: Biomarkers, Child, Preschool, Dietary Supplements, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Female, Humans, Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids, Infant, Inflammation, Male, Olive Oil, Oxidative Stress, Pregnancy