Carbon-dependent alleviation of ammonia toxicity for algae cultivation and associated mechanisms exploration.

Qian Lu, Paul Chen, Min Addy, Renchuan Zhang, Xiangyuan Deng, Yiwei Ma, Yanling Cheng, Fida Hussain, Chi Chen, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan

Journal: Bioresource technology 2018;249():99-107

PMID: 29040866

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Abstract

Ammonia toxicity in wastewater is one of the factors that limit the application of algae technology in wastewater treatment. This work explored the correlation between carbon sources and ammonia assimilation and applied a glucose-assisted nitrogen starvation method to alleviate ammonia toxicity. In this study, ammonia toxicity to Chlorella sp. was observed when NH-N concentration reached 28.03mM in artificial wastewater. Addition of alpha-ketoglutarate in wastewater promoted ammonia assimilation, but low utilization efficiency and high cost of alpha-ketoglutarate limits its application in wastewater treatment. Comparison of three common carbon sources, glucose, citric acid, and sodium bicarbonate, indicates that in terms of ammonia assimilation, glucose is the best carbon source. Experimental results suggest that organic carbon with good ability of generating energy and hydride donor may be critical to ammonia assimilation. Nitrogen starvation treatment assisted by glucose increased ammonia removal efficiencies and algal viabilities.

Address: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.; Faculty of Science and Technology, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.; MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China.; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.175

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MeSH Terms: Ammonia, Bioreactors, Carbon, Chlorella, Ketoglutaric Acids, Nitrogen, Wastewater