Irene Cantero, Itziar Abete, J Ignacio Monreal, J Alfredo Martinez, M Angeles Zulet
Journal: Nutrients 2018;9(7):667
PMID: 28657604
Non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries, affecting 20–30% of the general adult population. The causes of NAFLD are related to lifestyle factors such as unbalanced diets and/or overnutrition as well as sedentary lifestyles. NAFLD is associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two calorie-restricted diets on non-invasive markers and scores of liver damage in obese individuals with MS after six months of follow-up and to assess the role of fibre content in metabolic outcomes. Seventy obese adults were evaluated at baseline and after six months of calorie-restricted diets (American Heart Association (AHA) and RESMENA dietary groups). Both diets had the same energy restriction (−30% of the individual’s requirements). Dietary records, body composition and routine laboratory measurements for liver status were analysed. Although adherence to the dietary strategies was similar, resulting in no differences in macronutrient distribution, a variety of markers of liver damage were lower in those individuals who had a higher fibre intake. Fibre derived from fruit had a particularly beneficial impact, suggesting that not only energy restriction but also other dietary components positively influence liver health. The authors concluded that these results support the design of dietary patterns based on the consumption of insoluble fibre and fibre from fruits in the context of energy restriction for the management of obese patients suffering fatty liver disease.
The prevalence of non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two energy-restricted diets on non-invasive markers and scores of liver damage in obese individuals with features of MS after six months of follow-up and to assess the role of fiber content in metabolic outcomes. Seventy obese individuals from the RESMENA (Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome in Navarra) study were evaluated at baseline and after six months of energy-restricted nutritional intervention (American Heart Association (AHA) and RESMENA dietary groups). Dietary records, anthropometrical data, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and routine laboratory measurements were analyzed by standardized methods. Regarding liver status, cytokeratin-18 fragments and several non-invasive scores of fatty liver were also assessed. The RESMENA strategy was a good and complementary alternative to AHA for the treatment of obesity-related comorbidities. Participants with higher insoluble fiber consumption (≥7.5 g/day) showed improvements in fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HIS), and NAFLD liver fat score (NAFLD_LFS), while gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and transaminases evidenced significant improvements as a result of fruit fiber consumption (≥8.8 g/day). Remarkably, a regression model evidenced a relationship between liver status and fiber from fruits. These results support the design of dietary patterns based on the consumption of insoluble fiber and fiber from fruits in the context of energy restriction for the management of obese patients suffering fatty liver disease.
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