Remote tissue conditioning - An emerging approach for inducing body-wide protection against diseases of ageing.

Boaz Kim, Alice Brandli, John Mitrofanis, Jonathan Stone, Sivaraman Purushothuman, Daniel M Johnstone

Journal: Ageing research reviews 2018;37():69-78

PMID: 28552720

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

We have long accepted that exercise is 'good for us'; that - put more rigorously - moderate exercise is associated with not just aerobic fitness but also reduced morbidity and reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease and even malignancies. Caloric restriction (moderate hunger) and our exposure to dietary phytochemicals are also emerging as stresses which are 'good for us' in the same sense. This review focuses on an important extension of this concept: that stress localized within the body (e.g. in a limb) can induce resilience in tissues throughout the body. We describe evidence for the efficacy of two 'remote' protective interventions - remote ischemic conditioning and remote photobiomodulation - and discuss the mechanisms underlying their protective actions. While the biological phenomenon of remote tissue conditioning is only partially understood, it holds promise for protecting critical-to-life tissues while mitigating risks and practical barriers to direct conditioning of these tissues.

Address: Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.005

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MeSH Terms: Aging, Chronic Disease, Humans, Ischemic Preconditioning, Low-Level Light Therapy, Stress, Physiological