Shared metabolic and immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways in the metabolic syndrome and mood disorders.

Luiz Gustavo Piccoli de Melo, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes, George Anderson, Heber Odebrecht Vargas, Décio Sabbattini Barbosa, Piotr Galecki, André F Carvalho, Michael Maes

Journal: Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2018;78():34-50

PMID: 28438472

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

This review examines the shared immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and metabolic pathways underpinning metabolic syndrome (MetS), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Shared pathways in both MetS and mood disorders are low grade inflammation, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, increased lipid peroxidation with formation of malondialdehyde and oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), hypernitrosylation, lowered levels of antioxidants, most importantly zinc and paraoxonase (PON1), increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut), increased atherogenic index of plasma and Castelli risk indices; and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) cholesterol. Insulin resistance is probably not a major factor associated with mood disorders. Given the high levels of IO&NS and metabolic dysregulation in BD and MDD and the high comorbidity with the atherogenic components of the MetS, mood disorders should be viewed as systemic neuro-IO&NS-metabolic disorders. The IO&NS-metabolic biomarkers may have prognostic value and may contribute to the development of novel treatments targeting neuro-immune, neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative pathways.

Address: Department of Clinical Medicine, Londrina State University (UEL), Health Sciences Centre, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.; CRC Scotland & London, London, UK.; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.; Department of Adult Psychiatry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.; Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.; Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands; Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.027