Megaloblastic Anemias: Nutritional and Other Causes.

Ralph Green, Ananya Datta Mitra

Journal: The Medical clinics of North America 2017;101(2):297-317

PMID: 28189172

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Abstract

Vitamin B and folate deficiencies are major causes of megaloblastic anemia. Causes of B deficiency include pernicious anemia, gastric surgery, intestinal disorders, dietary deficiency, and inherited disorders of B transport or absorption. The prevalence of folate deficiency has decreased because of folate fortification, but deficiency still occurs from malabsorption and increased demand. Other causes include drugs and inborn metabolic errors. Clinical features of megaloblastic anemia include anemia, cytopenias, jaundice, and megaloblastic marrow morphology. Neurologic symptoms occur in B deficiency, but not in folate deficiency. Management includes identifying any deficiency, establishing its cause, and replenishing B or folate parenterally or orally.

Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, University of California Davis Health System, 4400 V. Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, University of California Davis Health System, 4400 V. Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.013

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MeSH Terms: Anemia, Megaloblastic, Comorbidity, Folic Acid Deficiency, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Nutrition Disorders, Prevalence, Vitamin B 12 Deficiency