Anammox Biochemistry: a Tale of Heme c Proteins.

Boran Kartal, Jan T Keltjens

Journal: Trends in biochemical sciences 2017;41(12):998-1011

PMID: 27669648

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are one of the latest scientific discoveries in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. These microorganisms are able to oxidize ammonium (NH) with nitrite (NO) as the oxidant instead of oxygen and form dinitrogen (N) as the end product. Recent research has shed a light on the biochemistry underlying anammox metabolism with two key intermediates, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrazine (NH). Substrates and intermediates are converted exploiting the catalytic and electron-transfer potentials of c-type heme proteins known from numerous biochemical reactions and that have acquired new functionality in anammox biochemistry. On a global scale, anammox bacteria significantly contribute to the removal of fixed nitrogen from the environment and the process finds rapidly increasing interest in wastewater treatment.

Address: Microbial Physiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.015

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MeSH Terms: Ammonium Compounds, Bacterial Proteins, Catalytic Domain, Electron Transport, Gene Expression, Heme, Hemeproteins, Hydrazines, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Nitrogen, Oxidation-Reduction, Planctomycetales, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical, Protein Conformation, beta-Strand, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Substrate Specificity, Vacuoles