Non-invasive respiratory support for infants in low- and middle-income countries.

Erik A Jensen, Aasma Chaudhary, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Haresh Kirpalani

Journal: Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine 2017;21(3):181-8

PMID: 26915655

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The overwhelming majority of neonatal deaths worldwide occur in low- and middle-income countries. Most of these deaths are attributable to respiratory illnesses and complications of preterm birth. The available data suggest that non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a safe and cost-effective therapy to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in these settings. Bubble CPAP compared to mechanical ventilator-generated CPAP reduces the need for subsequent invasive ventilation in newborn infants. There are limited data on the safety and efficacy of high-flow nasal cannulae in low- and middle-income countries, requiring further study prior to widespread implementation.

Address: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neonatal Trials Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2016.02.003

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MeSH Terms: Developing Countries, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Noninvasive Ventilation, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn