Alcoholic liver disease: Clinical and translational research.

Manuela G Neuman, Stephen Malnick, Yaakov Maor, Radu M Nanau, Ehud Melzer, Peter Ferenci, Helmut K Seitz, Sebastian Mueller, Haim Mell, Didier Samuel, Lawrence B Cohen, Kusum K Kharbanda, Natalia A Osna, Murali Ganesan, Kyle J Thompson, Iain H McKillop, Abraham Bautista, Ramon Bataller, Samuel W French

Journal: Experimental and molecular pathology 2016;99(3):596-610

PMID: 26342547

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Abstract

The present review spans a broad spectrum of topics dealing with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including clinical research, translational research, pathogenesis and therapies. A special accent is placed on alcohol misuse, as alcohol is a legally commercialized and taxable product. Drinking alcohol, particularly from a young age, is a major health problem. Alcoholism is known to contribute to morbidity and mortality. A systematic literature search was performed in order to obtain updated data (2008-2015). The review is focused on genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes and the role of cytochrome p450 2E1 and iron in ALD. Alcohol-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis is also discussed in the presence or absence of co-morbidities such as viral hepatitis C as well as therapeutic the role of innate immunity in ALD-HCV. Moreover, emphasis was placed on alcohol and drug interactions, as well as liver transplantation for end-stage ALD. Finally, the time came to eradicate alcohol-induced liver and intestinal damage by using betaine.

Address: In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].; Division of Gastroenterology, Kaplan Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.; In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Medical University of Vienna, Austria.; University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.; Israel Antidrug and Alcohol Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.; Liver Transplant Unit, Research Inserm-Paris XI Unit 785, Centre Hepatobiliaire, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, Paris, France.; Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.; Office of Extramural Activities, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.

DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.001

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MeSH Terms: Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1, Humans, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Polymorphism, Genetic, Translational Research, Biomedical