Recent developments in the chemotherapy of advanced esophageal cancer.

Several new agents developed in the past decade have demonstrated activity in esophageal cancer. No single agent or combination of agents has been compared in a randomized study with the current standard, albeit limited, treatment of cisplatin and 5-FU. Recent studies employing instruments measuring pain and quality of life have demonstrated stability or improvement, indicating real patient benefit from treatment. Numerous agents with potential activity in esophageal carcinoma based on their putative mechanisms of action are in development. Only clinical trials can establish the role of these agents in the clinic.