Influence of dietary fat intake on the endocannabinoid system in lean and obese subjects.

Stefan Engeli, Anne-Christin Lehmann, Jana Kaminski, Verena Haas, Jürgen Janke, Alexander A Zoerner, Friedrich C Luft, Dimitrios Tsikas, Jens Jordan

Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2015;22(5):E70-6

PMID: 24616451

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Endocannabinoid system (ECS) activation promotes obesity-associated metabolic disease. Increased dietary fat intake increases blood endocannabinoids and alters adipose and skeletal muscle ECS gene expression in human.

METHODS

Two weeks isocaloric low- (LFD) and high-fat diets (HFD) in obese (n = 12) and normal-weight (n = 17) subjects in a randomized cross-over study were compared. Blood endocannabinoids were measured in the fasting condition and after food intake using mass spectrometry. Adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression was determined using real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTS

Baseline fasting plasma endocannabinoids were similar with both diets. Anandamide decreased similarly with high- or low-fat test meals in both groups. Baseline arachidonoylglycerol plasma concentrations were similar between groups and diets, and unresponsive to eating. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, DAGL-α mRNA was upregulated and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) mRNAs were down-regulated in obese subjects, but the diets had no influence. In contrast, the HFD produced pronounced reductions in skeletal muscle CB1-R and MAGL mRNA expression, whereas obesity did not affect muscular gene expression.

CONCLUSIONS

Weight-neutral changes in dietary fat intake cannot explain excessive endocannabinoid availability in human obesity. Obesity and dietary fat intake affect ECS gene expression in a tissue-specific manner.

Address: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

DOI: 10.1002/oby.20728

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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.20...

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https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html

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https://scite.ai/reports/24616451

MeSH Terms: Adolescent, Adult, Amidohydrolases, Arachidonic Acids, Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Cross-Over Studies, Diet, High-Fat, Dietary Fats, Down-Regulation, Endocannabinoids, Fasting, Female, Humans, Lipoprotein Lipase, Male, Middle Aged, Monoacylglycerol Lipases, Muscle, Skeletal, Obesity, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, RNA, Messenger, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Subcutaneous Fat, Thinness, Triglycerides, Up-Regulation, Young Adult