Physiological roles of ghrelin on obesity.

Takahiro Sato, Takanori Ida, Yuki Nakamura, Yuki Shiimura, Kenji Kangawa, Masayasu Kojima

Journal: Obesity research & clinical practice 2015;8(5):e405-13

PMID: 25263830

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Abstract

Ghrelin is a stomach hormone that acts as an endogenous ligand of orphan G-protein coupled receptor. Ghrelin has various physiological functions, such as the stimulation of growth hormone release and of appetite, and fat accumulation. Ghrelin is the only peripheral hormone to transmit satiety signal. Mature ghrelin peptide is consisted of 28 amino acid residues, and is unusual among peptide hormones in that Ser3 is n-octanoylated to obtain. Furthermore, this modification is essential for ghrelin's activity. In order to add this side chain to acyl ghrelin, it is necessary for the recently discovered enzyme, ghrelin-O-acyl transferase (GOAT). Therefore, to understand of ghrelin's functions, it is useful to obtain the knowledge on structures and functions of ghrelin, ghrelin receptor and GOAT. Here, we review our current understanding of the structures and functions of ghrelin, and the relation between obesity and ghrelin. Finally, we referred to the ghrelin and related substances as a drug design target for obesity.

Address: Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0864, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].; Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.; Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0864, Japan.; Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita 565-8565, Japan.; Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0864, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.10.002

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MeSH Terms: Acyltransferases, Ghrelin, Humans, Obesity, Receptors, Ghrelin