Otitis media.

Michael E Pichichero

Journal: Pediatric clinics of North America 2013;60(2):391-407

PMID: 23481107

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Acute otitis media (AOM) is diagnosed based on visualization of a full or bulging tympanic membrane with middle ear effusion. The distribution of bacteria causing AOM in North America under the influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and antibiotic selection pressure has resulted in a predominance of β-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae followed by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although guidelines continue to endorse amoxicillin as the preferred treatment, amoxicillin/clavulanate in high dosage would be the preferred treatment based on the otopathogen mix currently. Antibiotic prophylaxis has fallen into disfavor as a preventative strategy for AOM recurrences.

Address: Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA. [email protected]

DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.12.007

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MeSH Terms: Age Factors, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Infections, Cefdinir, Ceftizoxime, Cefuroxime, Cephalosporins, Child, Child, Preschool, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Infant, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Moraxella catarrhalis, Otitis Media, Otitis Media with Effusion, Otoscopy, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Time Factors, Tympanic Membrane, Cefpodoxime Proxetil