Big red flags in neuro-ophthalmology.

Jeanie D Ling, Diana Chao, Nagham Al Zubidi, Andrew G Lee

Journal: Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2013;48(1):3-7

PMID: 23419292

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Specific red flag clinical signs in ophthalmology might indicate serious underlying systemic disease. This review illustrates five big red flags in neuro-ophthalmology of interest to comprehensive ophthalmologists. These clinical signs include: (i) retinochoroidal venous collaterals, (ii) optic disc edema with a macular star, (iii) chronic red eyes refractory to topical therapy, (iv) aberrant regeneration not secondary to ischemia, and (v) the misdiagnosis of immune disease in immunosuppressed patients. We also describe the common causative factors suggested by these red flags (i.e., optic nerve sheath meningioma, infectious neuroretinitis, carotid cavernous fistula, compressive third nerve lesions, and the incorrect diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome [THS]), as well as the distinctive laboratory or radiographic signs for each condition.

Address: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.08.016

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MeSH Terms: Arteriovenous Fistula, Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula, Choroid, Humans, Immune System Diseases, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Meningioma, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Oculomotor Nerve Diseases, Optic Nerve Neoplasms, Papilledema, Retinal Diseases, Retinal Vein, Retinitis, Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome, Tomography, Optical Coherence