Drugs and AKI.

Acute kidney injury is a common complication in hospitalized patients and is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality. Frequently, it is caused by impaired renal perfusion, ischemia and reperfusion injury, sepsis or urinary tract obstruction, but often its etiology is multifactorial. In this context, the contribution of nephrotoxic medications to the development of AKI plays an important role. This review begins with an attempt to evaluate the importance of drug-related acute kidney injury in general. Then, a selected list of 7 classes of drugs or compounds, namely aminoglycosides, aristolochic acid, cytostatic drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, osmotic agents, radiocontrast, and phosphate salts are discussed in depth, including their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment. While not attempting to be exhaustive, this review attempts to provide an overview with additional in-depth information on certain classes of drugs that are either of general importance or have recently emerged in the literature.