Microbial Toll/interleukin 1 receptor proteins: a new class of virulence factors.

Christine Cirl, Thomas Miethke

Journal: International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM 2010;300(6):396-401

PMID: 20451449

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Quite a number of microbes possess genes which encode for proteins containing a Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain. This domain is key for the physical interaction of eukaryotic Toll-like receptors with their adaptor molecules like MyD88 enabling innate immune cells to recognize invading pathogens and to initiate appropriate defense responses. Recent findings imply that microbial Toll/interleukin 1 receptor proteins impair Toll-like receptor signaling. As a consequence, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines is dampened, and microbial replication is enhanced. This group of proteins can thus be classified as a new family of virulence factors able to modulate the Toll-like receptor signaling cascade. This review summarizes current knowledge of the biology of this fascinating group of molecules.

Address: Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.04.001

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MeSH Terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Bacteria, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Molecular Sequence Data, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors, Virulence Factors