A comparative study of O2, CO and CN binding to heme IX protein models.

Parametrization of a molecular-mechanics program to include terms specific for five- and six-coordinate transition metal complexes results in computer-simulated structures of heme complexes. The principal new feature peculiar to five and six coordination is a term that measures the effect of electron-pair repulsion modified by the ligand electronegativity and takes into account the different structural possibilities. The model system takes into account the structural differences of the fixing centre in the haemoglobin subunits. The customary proximal histidine is added. The prosthetic group heme IX is wholly considered in our model. The calculations show clearly that certain conformations are much more favourable that others for fixing O2. From the O2 binding in haemoglobin, myoglobin and simple Fe porphyrin models it is concluded that the bent O2 ligand is best viewed as bound superoxide O2-. Axial ligands are practically free-rotating. A small modification of the model in both crystal and protein matrix affects the orientation of the ligands in experimental systems.