Evidence of a causal and modifiable relationship between kidney function and circulating trimethylamine N-oxide.

Address: Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK. [email protected].; Section of Genomic & Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. [email protected].; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France.; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.; Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.; The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin and the Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany.; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.; Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France.; Danone Research, Palaiseau, France.; Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France.; Sorbonne Université, IRD, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, UMMISCO, F-93143, Bondy, France.; Diabetic Kidney Disease Centre, Renal Unit, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK.; Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Section of Genomic & Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.; European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, EGENODIA, INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.; Metagenopolis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.; Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, INSERM, 1166, Paris, France.; Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; INSERM UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.; McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, EGENODIA, INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.; Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.; The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark.; Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.; Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.; Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France. [email protected].; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France. [email protected].; Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK. [email protected].; Section of Genomic & Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. [email protected].; European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, EGENODIA, INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France. [email protected].; McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada. [email protected].