Omega-3 fatty acids and endothelial function: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

Seyyed Mostafa Arabi, Hossein Bahari, Mahla Chambari, Leila Sadat Bahrami, Mohammaed Ibrahim Mohaildeen Gubari, Gerald F Watts, Amirhossein Sahebkar

Journal: European journal of clinical investigation 2024;54(2):e14109

PMID: 37859571

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation has been reported to have an impact on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a conventionally used clinical technique for estimating endothelial dysfunction. However, its proven effects on endothelial function are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on FMD of the brachial artery.

METHOD

This study was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. To identify eligible RCTs, a systematic search was completed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science using relevant keywords. A fixed- or random-effects model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

RESULTS

Thirty-two studies (with 35 arms) were included in this meta-analysis, involving 2385 subjects with intervention duration ranging from 4 to 48 weeks. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated a significant effect of omega-3 on FMD (WMD = 0.8%, 95% CI = 0.3-1.3, p = .001) and heterogeneity was significant (I = 82.5%, p < .001).

CONCLUSION

We found that n-3 PUFA supplementation improves endothelial function as estimated by flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery.

Address: Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.; Cardiometabolic Service, Departments of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Perth, Australia.; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Perth, Australia.; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

DOI: 10.1111/eci.14109

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Brachial Artery, Dietary Supplements, Endothelium, Vascular, Fatty Acids, Omega-3