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Assessment of sleep and obesity in adults and children: Observational study.
Bonanno, L, Metro, D, Papa, M, Finzi, G, Maviglia, A, Sottile, F, Corallo, F, Manasseri, L
Medicine. 2019;98(46):e17642
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Sleep is essential to support the functions and health of the entire body. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep duration and quality, and overweight risk and obesity in children and adults. The study was conducted on secondary school children. It involved 199 subjects of which 71 were adults (29 males and 42 females) with age between 29 and 65 years, and 128 children (73 males and 55 females) with age between 10 and 13 years. Results indicate that the duration and quality of sleep can represent a risk factor of overweight and obesity in examined subjects (both adults and children irrespective of their gender). Authors conclude that sufficient sleep is required to maintain a normal weight.
Abstract
The sleep allows many psychological processes, such as immune system activity, body metabolism and hormonal balance, emotional and mental health, learning, mnemonic processes. The lack of sleep could undermine mental and physical purposes, causing an alteration in cognitive functions or metabolic disorders. In our study, we have examined the irregular sleep effects with the overweight and obesity risk in children and adults.The sample was composed of 199 subjects, of which 71 adults, (29 males and 42 females), and 128 children (73 males and 55 females). We have measured the weight and height with standard techniques; we also have measured the body mass index dividing the weight in kg with the height square expressed in meters (kg/m). Subjects were divided into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Were administered some questionnaires to measure the quantity and quality of sleep, and eating habits and individual consumption of food.Analysis of demographic variables not showed significant differences between male and female groups but highlighted a significant trend differences in normal-weight score. The clinical condition has a substantial impact on body mass index score and sleep hours were significant predictor on this.Quantity and quality sleep can also represent a risk factor of overweight and obesity, so sufficient sleep is a factor that influence a normal weight. Adults and children that sleep less, have an increase in obesity and overweight risk with dysfunctional eating behaviors, decreased physical activity, and metabolic changes.
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Investigating effective treatment factors in brief cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder.
Lim, JA, Lee, YI, Jang, JH, Choi, SH
Medicine. 2018;97(38):e12422
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Both standard and short-term cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based brief CBT, in particular, with respect to physiological symptoms, like palpitations and accelerated heart rate, and factors that may help predict treatment outcome. Treatment consisted of psychoeducation about the condition and teaching meditation/relaxation techniques. CBT was delivered once a week over a four week period (a total of four sessions). Several self-assessed scales were used to determine outcome and efficacy. The four week intervention showed statistically significant improvements on almost all scores. The results suggest that fear of cardiovascular (CV) symptoms may be an important predictor of the clinical course of PD. The authors concluded that managing fear of CV symptoms can help improve effectiveness of brief CBT and that short-term CBT may be particularly effective for patients who suffered from CV symptoms. The study was limited by the fact that there was no control group and that participants had relatively mild PD symptoms and may therefore not have been representative of the PD patient population as a whole.
Abstract
Numerous studies have provided evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on panic disorders (PDs). There has also been growing attention on brief CBT with regard to delivering intensive treatment efficiently. This study investigated the essential parts of mindfulness-based brief CBT to optimize treatment benefits.A total of 37 patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. They were recruited from the anxiety/panic/fear clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. The patients participated in group CBT once a week for a total of 4 sessions over a 4-week period, when they were assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R), Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) before and after brief CBT. Twenty-nine patients completed the 1-month follow-up.There were significant reductions in PDSS (P < .001), ASI-R-fear of respiratory symptoms (P = .006), ASI-R-fear of publicly observable anxiety reaction (P = .002), ASI-R-fear of cardiovascular symptoms (P < .001), ASI-R-fear of cognitive dyscontrol (P = .001), ASI-R-Total (P < .001), APPQ-Agoraphobia (P = .003), APPQ-Total (P = .028), STAI-State anxiety (P < .001), STAI-Trait anxiety (P = .002), BAI (P = .003), and BDI (P < .001) scores. We also found significant associations between ASI-R-fear of cardiovascular symptoms, ASI-R-Total, and changes in PDSS scores. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that anxiety sensitivity for fear of cardiovascular symptoms predicted an improvement in panic severity (β = 0.513, P = .004).Our findings suggested that behavioral aspects, especially physiological symptom control, needed to be considered in brief, intensive CBT for PD. The results also suggested that a mindfulness-based brief CBT approach might be particularly helpful for patients with PD who have severe cardiovascular symptoms.
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Association between sleep duration and musculoskeletal pain: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2015.
Chun, MY, Cho, BJ, Yoo, SH, Oh, B, Kang, JS, Yeon, C
Medicine. 2018;97(50):e13656
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Musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent in old age and can be disabling to sufferers, resulting in significant economic burden and a detrimental impact on quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between self-reported sleep duration and musculoskeletal pain in Korean adult population. The study showed that extreme sleep duration is prevalent in musculoskeletal pain subjects and it is more prevalent in subjects with multi-site joint pain. Thus, both longer and shorter sleep durations were linked with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. Authors conclude that specific assessment and treatment of sleep disturbance should be included as an important part of pain management in patients with musculoskeletal pain.
Abstract
Both extremely long and short sleep durations have been associated with increased risk of numerous health problems. This study examined the association between self-reported sleep duration and reporting of musculoskeletal pain in the adult Korean population.This study included data from 17,108 adults aged ≥50 years, obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012 and 2013-2015. Self-reported daily hours slept and the presence of musculoskeletal pain in knee joint, hip joint, or low back were examined. Patients were stratified into 5 groups by their sleep duration: ≤5, 6, 7, 8, or ≥9 h. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for covariates including age, sex, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, family income level, education, physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), and stress level.A U-shaped relationship was observed between the length of sleep duration and the presence of musculoskeletal pain. After adjusting for covariates, sleep duration of ≤5 h or ≥9 h was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain experienced for more than 30 days over a 3-month period. We also found that the presence of multi-site musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher among those who slept for ≤5 h or ≥9 h than in those who slept for 7 h.These findings suggest that either short or long sleep duration is associated with musculoskeletal pain among Korean adults.