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1.
[The effect of reamberin on the antioxidant status in children with epilepsy].
Nosal', LA, Simonova, NV, Dorovskikh, VA, Shtarberg, MA
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2019;(11. Vyp. 2):74-79
Abstract
AIM: To study the efficacy of reamberin in treatment of epilepsy in children and to evaluate its effect on the antioxidant status. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antioxidant activity of reamberin was investigated in children with epilepsy: 16 patients received intravenous reamberin once daily for 5 days in addition to carbamazepine. Patients of the control group (n=15) received only carbamazepine. The efficacy of the drug was evaluated by the levels of lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, and malondialdehyde and by the activity of the main components of the antioxidant system (ceruloplasmin, vitamin E, catalase) in the blood of patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Reamberin significantly reduces the plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides by 16%, conjugated dienes by 12%, and malondialdehyde by 25% compared with the patients of the control group. An analysis of the effect of succinate-containing drugs on the activity of the antioxidant system components has shown that blood concentrations of ceruloplasmin, vitamin E and catalase are by 35, 14% and 15%, respectively, higher than those in the control group. Thus, the addition of reamberin into the treatment of children with epilepsy should be considered pathogenetically justified, clinically reasonable, and promising.
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Repeated-Dose Oral N-Acetylcysteine in Parkinson's Disease: Pharmacokinetics and Effect on Brain Glutathione and Oxidative Stress.
Coles, LD, Tuite, PJ, Öz, G, Mishra, UR, Kartha, RV, Sullivan, KM, Cloyd, JC, Terpstra, M
Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2018;(2):158-167
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with oxidative stress and decreased nigral glutathione (GSH), suggesting that therapies that boost GSH may have a disease-modifying effect. Intravenous administration of a high dose of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant and GSH precursor, increases blood and brain GSH in individuals with PD and with Gaucher disease and in healthy controls. To characterize the pharmacokinetics of repeated high oral doses of NAC and their effect on brain and blood oxidative stress measures, we conducted a 4-week open-label prospective study of oral NAC in individuals with PD (n = 5) and in healthy controls (n = 3). Brain GSH was measured in the occipital cortex using 1 H-MRS at 3 and 7 tesla before and after 28 days of 6000 mg NAC/day. Blood was collected prior to dosing and at predetermined collection times before and after the last dose to assess NAC, cysteine, GSH, catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) concentrations and the reduced-to-oxidized GSH ratio (GSH/ glutathione disulfide [GSSG]). Symptomatic adverse events were reported by 3 of the 5 subjects with PD. NAC plasma concentration-time profiles were described by a first-order absorption, 1-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Although peripheral antioxidant measures (catalase and GSH/GSSG) increased significantly relative to baseline, indicators of oxidative damage, that is, measures of lipid peroxidation (4-HNE and MDA) were unchanged. There were no significant increases in brain GSH, which may be related to low oral NAC bioavailability and small fractional GSH/GSSG blood responses. Additional studies are needed to further characterize side effects and explore the differential effects of NAC on measures of antioxidant defense and oxidative damage.
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Study of salivary and serum vaspin and total antioxidants in anorexia nervosa.
Paszynska, E, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M, Slopien, A, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M, Dutkiewicz, A, Grzelak, T
Clinical oral investigations. 2018;(8):2837-2845
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are primarily at high risk of multiple somatic complications, including oral diseases. In recent years, a number of new molecules that may play a potentially important role in AN progress and prognosis have been identified in saliva, but their exact roles are still poorly understood. Two such group of substances are antioxidants and vaspin. The purpose of this observational, cross-sectional study was to measure both the salivary and serum total antioxidant status (TAS), and vaspin (VASP) concentrations of patients with AN in comparison to an average population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety subjects participated (30 patients with AN, 60 matched healthy control subjects). A clinical examination was made, and blood and salivary samples were taken during the acute stage of AN (BMI < 15 kg/m2) in the first week of hospitalization. Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) suitable for measuring VASP and colorimetric assay for TAS were used. RESULTS Anorexic patients had significant reductions in salivary flow, TAS, and an elevation in VASP levels in their saliva and serum. Significant correlations between TAS, VASP, salivary flow, and nutritional status were detected. CONCLUSION Determination of TAS and VASP in combined biological material confirmed that saliva might be a reliable non-invasive source of information for potent nutritional biomarkers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that VASP cannot be excluded, as its increased concentration in saliva is an adaptive mechanism in reduced TAS, one resulting from diminished salivary secretion. It is therefore worth conducting further research aimed at recognizing the role of TAS and VASP in the saliva of underweight patients.
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Antioxidants Taken Orally prior to Diagnostic Radiation Exposure Can Prevent DNA Injury.
Velauthapillai, N, Barfett, J, Jaffer, H, Mikulis, D, Murphy, K
Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 2017;(3):406-411
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate efficacy of oral antioxidant treatment given to patients before radiologic procedures in reducing x-ray-induced DNA damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a single-center prospective controlled trial, antioxidant treatment with 2 g ascorbate, 1.2 g N-acetylcysteine, 600 mg lipoic acid, and 30 mg beta carotene was given to 5 consecutive participants before undergoing clinically indicated technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP) bone scans for cancer staging. These participants were compared with 5 participants without antioxidant treatment. DNA damage was visualized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after bone scans using three-dimensional microscopy and fluorescently labeled gamma-H2AX protein. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the radiation received between the control and antioxidant groups, the number of foci/cell before and after bone scan within groups, and foci/cell after bone scan between groups. RESULTS There was a significantly higher number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell after ionization radiation in the control group compared with the antioxidant group (P = .009). There was no statistically significant difference in number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell before or after exposure in the antioxidant group; the number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell was statistically significantly higher (P = .009) in the control group after exposure to 99mTc MDP. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing 99mTc MDP bone scans, treatment with oral antioxidants before scanning significantly prevented DNA damage in PBMCs. Antioxidants may provide an effective means to protect patients and health care professionals from radiation-induced DNA damage during imaging studies.
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Enhanced aerobic exercise performance in women by a combination of three mineral Chelates plus two conditionally essential nutrients.
DiSilvestro, RA, Hart, S, Marshall, T, Joseph, E, Reau, A, Swain, CB, Diehl, J
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017;:42
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain essential and conditionally essential nutrients (CENs) perform functions involved in aerobic exercise performance. However, increased intake of such nutrient combinations has not actually been shown to improve such performance. METHODS For 1 mo, aerobically fit, young adult women took either a combination of 3 mineral glycinate complexes (daily dose: 36 mg iron, 15 mg zinc, and 2 mg copper) + 2 CENs (daily dose: 2 g carnitine and 400 mg phosphatidylserine), or the same combination with generic mineral complexes, or placebo (n = 14/group). In Trial 1, before and after 1 mo, subjects were tested for 3 mile run time (primary outcome), followed by distance covered in 25 min on a stationary bike (secondary outcome), followed by a 90 s step test (secondary outcome). To test reproducibility of the run results, and to examine a lower dose of carnitine, a second trial was done. New subjects took either mineral glycinates + CENs (1 g carnitine) or placebo (n = 17/group); subjects were tested for pre- and post-treatment 3 mile run time (primary outcome). RESULTS In Trial 1, the mineral glycinates + CENs decreased 3 mile run time (25.6 ± 2.4 vs 26.5 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.05, paired t-test) increased stationary bike distance after 25 min (6.5 ± 0.6 vs 6.0 ± 0.8 miles, p < 0.05, paired t-test), and increased steps in the step test (43.8 ± 4.8 vs 40.3 ± 6.4 steps, p < 0.05, paired t-test). The placebo significantly affected only the biking distance, but it was less than for the glycinates-CENs treatment (0.2 ± 0.4. vs 0.5 ± 0.1 miles, p < 0.05, ANOVA + Tukey). The generic minerals + CENs only significantly affected the step test (44.1 ± 5.2 vs 41.0 ± 5.9 steps, p < 0.05, paired t-test) In Trial 2, 3 mile run time was decreased for the mineral glycinates + CENs (23.9 ± 3.1 vs 24.7 ± 2.5, p < 0.005, paired t-test), but not by the placebo. All changes for Test Formula II or III were high compared to placebo (1.9 to 4.9, Cohen's D), and high for Test Formula II vs I for running and biking (3.2 & 3.5, Cohen's D). CONCLUSION In summary, a combination of certain mineral complexes plus two CENs improved aerobic exercise performance in fit young adult women.
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Evaluation of plasma oxidative stress, with or without antioxidant supplementation, in superficial partial thickness burn patients: a pilot study.
Raposio, E, Grieco, MP, Caleffi, E
Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery. 2017;(6):393-398
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of pathophysiological alterations observed during burn injury. The present pilot study aimed to determine whether a specific oral antioxidant supplementation could in any way influence free radical blood values in patients affected by superficial partial thickness burns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma oxidants and plasma antioxidant capacity were analysed in 20 superficial partial thickness burn patients for a 2-week period; patients were randomly divided into two groups, one of which was supported with a specifically designed oral antioxidant formula (Squalene 100 mg, Vitamin C 30 mg, Coenzyme Q10 10 mg, Zinc 5 mg, Beta Carotene 3.6 mg, Bioflavonoids 30 mg, Selenium 55 mcg) administered daily, starting from the day of admission, for the whole study period. RESULTS No significant differences were found in plasma oxidants and plasma antioxidant capacity between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS These results did not reflect any significant benefits of an antioxidant oral supplementation at usual dosages when considering oxidative plasmatic values of superficial partial thickness burn patients.
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[Effect of antioxidant therapy on neurotrophins and processes of rehabilitation after stroke].
Karakulova, YV, Selyanina, NV, Zhelnin, AV, Filimonova, TA, Cepilov, SV
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2016;(8):36-39
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the effect of the inclusion in the scheme cytoflavin patient care during the recovery period of ischemic stroke in the neuropsychological changes in the status and content of neurotrophins in serum. For this purpose we surveyed 52 patients who underwent a first ischemic stroke (29 women and 23 men) aged 52-74 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: primary (25 patients) received in addition to basic therapy cytoflavin: intravenously at 20 ml per 400 ml of 5% glucose solution, 1 time a day for 10 days, then into 2 tablets 2 times a day for half an hour before food for a month, and the comparison group (27 patients) who received standard treatment. The control group consisted of 12 healthy people. In addition to standard clinical and laboratory tests were carried out a comprehensive neuropsychological study and evaluation of the data on the scale NIHSS, Bartell, Beck, Spielberger-Hanin, test «frontal dysfunction of the battery» and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Furthermore, determination carried neurotrophic factors: nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor brain (BDNF). The study was conducted in the dynamics: before treatment and 2 months after treatment. Patients in the recovery period of the first ischemic stroke revealed moderate manifestations of neuropsychological disorders status and reduction of neurotrophic factors. Inclusion in cytoflavin scheme increased the efficiency of the treatment, which was manifested in a more pronounced when compared with the results of basic therapy, positive dynamics of neurological symptoms and improved cognitive function, accompanied by an increase in BDNF levels. The data on the efficacy and safety allow us to recommend its inclusion in the scheme of treatment of patients in the recovery period after the first carotid ischemic stroke.
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[Efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the nervous system in 1-month old children with transient neonatal hypothyroidism].
Strukov, VI, Maksimova, MN, Kuptsova, TA, Lysev, SF, Shcherbakova, YG
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2015;(10):17-20
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the nervous system in young infants with transient neonatal hypothyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors analyzed the efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of cerebral ischemia in the combination with transient neonatal hypothyroidism in 89 newborns. The main group comprised 43 children treated with intravenous cytoflavin in dose 2 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day for five days; 46 newborns of the comparison group received basic therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION It was found that the moderate depression of motor activity and autonomic-visceral dysfunctions were the leading clinical neurological manifestations in these groups. In the main group, there was a significantly more rapid decline of hyperthyreotropinemia, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, reduced severity of cerebral ischemia by the results of neurosonography on the 5th or 6th day and regression of the main clinical symptoms compared to the control group. The positive neuroprotective and thyroid protective effect of cytoflavin, good tolerability and its compatibility with other drugs used in the standard treatment of hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system were identified.
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[Effect of a hypocaloric diet in the oxidative stress in obese subjects without prescription of exercise and antioxidants].
Gutiérrez, L, García, JR, Rincón, Mde J, Ceballos, GM, Olivares, IM
Medicina clinica. 2015;(1):1-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is characterized by a generalized increase of adipose tissue, high production of adipocytokines and presence of oxidative systemic stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes generated in the oxidative stress and anthropometric parameters in obese subjects by the prescription of a hypocaloric diet in combination with moderate aerobic exercise and supplementation with antioxidants. PATIENTS AND METHODS Oxidative damage was determined in the plasma from 30 normal weight and 30 obese subjects. Three groups of treatment were established: Hypocaloric diet (HD), HD plus moderate aerobic exercise (HDE) and HDE plus antioxidants (DHEA). Biomarkers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], carbonyl groups, dityrosine) and anthropometric parameters were determined. RESULTS Higher values of biomarkers of oxidative damage were observed in obese (TBARS 13.74 ± 1.2 μM; carbonyl groups 0.89 ± 0.04 nmol of osazone/mg of protein; dityrosine 478.9 ± 27.4 RFU/mg of protein) in comparison to normal weight subjects (TBARS 7.08 ± 0.8 μM; carbonyl groups 0.65 ± 0.04 nmol of osazone/mg of protein; dityrosine 126.3 ± 12.6 RFU/mg of protein), thus showing the presence of an oxidative damage. The prescription of HD decreased the oxidative damage and anthropometric parameters in the obese subjects. We did not observe additional benefit effects on these determinations with HDE or HDEA treatments. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that an HD decreases the oxidative damage in obese subjects. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of comorbidity in obesity. Therefore, the prescription of a HD could be a key issue in the treatment of the disease.
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Cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses to acute isocapnic hypoxia in healthy aging and lung disease: effect of vitamin C.
Hartmann, SE, Waltz, X, Kissel, CK, Szabo, L, Walker, BL, Leigh, R, Anderson, TJ, Poulin, MJ
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2015;(4):363-73
Abstract
Acute hypoxia increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ventilation (V̇e). It is unknown if these responses are impacted with normal aging, or in patients with enhanced oxidative stress, such as (COPD). The purpose of the study was to 1) investigate the effects of aging and COPD on the cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia, and 2) to assess the effect of vitamin C on these responses during hypoxia. In 12 Younger, 14 Older, and 12 COPD, we measured peak cerebral blood flow velocity (V̄p; index of CBF), and V̇e during two 5-min periods of acute isocapnic hypoxia, under conditions of 1) saline-sham; and 2) intravenous vitamin C. Antioxidants [vitamin C, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase], oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced protein oxidation product], and nitric oxide metabolism end products (NOx) were measured in plasma. Following the administration of vitamin C, vitamin C, SOD, catalase, and MDA increased, while NOx decreased. V̄p and V̇e sensitivity to hypoxia was reduced in Older by ∼60% (P < 0.02). COPD patients exhibited similar V̄p and V̇e responses to Older (P > 0.05). Vitamin C did not have an effect on the hypoxic V̇e response but selectively decreased the V̄p sensitivity in Younger only. These findings suggest a reduced integrative reflex (i.e., cerebrovascular and ventilatory) during acute hypoxemia in healthy older adults. Vitamin C does not appear to have a large influence on the cerebrovascular or ventilatory responses during acute hypoxia.