-
1.
Half-life of plasma phytosterols in very low birth weight preterm infants on routine parenteral nutrition with vegetable oil-based lipid emulsions.
Pupillo, D, Correani, A, Biagetti, C, D'Ascenzo, R, Simonato, M, Verlato, G, Cogo, P, Rocchi, MBL, Carnielli, VP
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2018;(1):262-269
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytosterols in vegetable oil (VO)-based lipid emulsions (LE) likely contribute to parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in preterm infants. No characterization of plasma phytosterol half-lives has been done in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) with LE. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, 45 VLBW preterm infants who received PN underwent serial blood sample measurements of sitosterol (SITO), campesterol (CAMP), and stigmasterol (STIGM). Plasma phytosterol half-lives were calculated from the phytosterol concentrations-decay curves by using a single-compartment model. RESULTS After the stop of the intravenous LE, study infants had significantly lower plasma total CAMP, STIGM and SITO concentrations. The decay of plasma phytosterol concentrations was monoexponential. Half-life of plasma total CAMP, STIGM and SITO was 13.5 ± 6.9, 10.3 ± 4.5 and 10.3 ± 4.0 days, respectively. Plasma phytosterol half-lives did not correlate with gestational age, birth weight, cumulative phytosterol intakes and plasma conjugated bilirubin. CONCLUSION VLBW preterm infants on PN with LE had rather long plasma phytosterol half-lives similar to hypercholesterolemic adults and phytosterolemic homozygotes patients. We speculate that the accumulation of phytosterols could contribute to their vulnerability to PNAC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The Ethics Committee of Marche-Italy (DG/469); www.clinicaltrials.gov (identification number NCT02758834).
-
2.
Scottsdale Magnesium Study: Absorption, Cellular Uptake, and Clinical Effectiveness of a Timed-Release Magnesium Supplement in a Standard Adult Clinical Population.
Weiss, D, Brunk, DK, Goodman, DA
Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2018;(4):316-327
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suboptimal magnesium status is likely widespread in the United States and increasing evidence links it to many chronic diseases. Therapeutically addressing magnesium status can be challenging, as higher supplementation often leads to bowel intolerance. This study evaluated the absorption, cellular uptake, and clinical effectiveness of a timed-release formulation containing dimagnesium malate with vitamins B6, B12, and folate (MagSRT™) in a standard clinical population. METHODS A standard clinical population of 91 adults participated in a placebo-controlled study carried out at two clinics; 53 individuals received MagSRT™, containing 500 mg dimagnesium malate and vitamins B6, B12, and folate, while the remaining individuals received a placebo. Baseline serum magnesium, red blood cell (RBC) magnesium, and magnesium status questionnaire scores were collected prior to trial initiation. Serum magnesium was measured 4 and 8 hours after participants ingested 2 supplemental tablets (250 mg magnesium) or 2 placebo tablets. After 30 days, RBC magnesium was evaluated and participants completed the magnesium status questionnaire. A subset of MagSRT™ participants (24) continued the trial for 90 days. Both RBC magnesium and the magnesium status questionnaire were evaluated at 90 days. RESULTS More than 75% of trial participants presented with suboptimal serum and RBC magnesium status at baseline, while the magnesium status questionnaire predicted 100% of participants to have suboptimal magnesium status. MagSRT™ was well tolerated by 91% of magnesium intervention participants. RBC magnesium increased 6% and 30% over 30 and 90 days, respectively, suggesting magnesium absorption and uptake into red blood cells over time. Overall symptomatology, assessed through a magnesium status questionnaire, improved 28% over 30 days and 63% over 90 days. CONCLUSION A standard adult clinical population presented with both qualitative and quantitative evidence of compromised magnesium status at the beginning of the trial. Supplementation with MagSRT™, a timed-release dimagnesium malate supplement containing vitamins B6, B12, and folate, for at least 30 days significantly improved magnesium status symptoms and increased RBC magnesium with minimal gastrointestinal symptoms.
-
3.
Vertebral spine osteoporosis treatment efficacy in local population: A clinical study.
Asadullah, M, Ikram, R, Qazi, S
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2018;(6):2347-2353
Abstract
In Pakistani population the prevalence of Calcium and vitamin D deficiency is at alarming rate. Previous studies show that globally vertebral osteoporosis is most commonly recognized site causing deterioration to personal life satisfaction. It is very unfortunate that in Pakistan ample amount of research work has not been done in the area, consequently, information on rate of vertebral osteoporosis & fracture are rare in Pakistan. There is no reduction in T-score on supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 administration. There is reduction in T-score on supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 administration. The prime objective of the current work was to determine vertebral spine osteoporosis treatment efficacy in local population. This is an intervention experimental study with no control. The study population was selected from the local community; consisting of individuals with vertebral spine osteoporosis, further they were followed for up to 6 months. Data was analyzed by SPSS-22. Tabs Chewable: Calcium: 1250 mg, Cholecalciferol: 125 IU, BD/Day was advised. The mean T-score before and after treatment were recorded as; Mean ±S.D: 2.890 ±1.7217 and Mean ±S.D: -2.456±0.8064 respectively. The findings of the current work do not provide support for routine supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 orally for osteoporosis.
-
4.
Safety and Effectiveness of Long-Term Treatment with Lurasidone in Older Adults with Bipolar Depression: Post-Hoc Analysis of a 6-Month, Open-Label Study.
Forester, BP, Sajatovic, M, Tsai, J, Pikalov, A, Cucchiaro, J, Loebel, A
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. 2018;(2):150-159
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 6 months of treatment with lurasidone in older adults with a diagnosis of bipolar I depression. DESIGN Post-hoc analysis of a multicenter, 6-month, open-label extension study. SETTING Outpatient. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 55 to 75 years with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of bipolar I depression who had completed 6 weeks of double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment with either lurasidone monotherapy (1 study) or adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate (2 studies). INTERVENTION Flexible doses of lurasidone, 20 to 120 mg/day, either as monotherapy, or adjunctive with lithium or valproate. MEASUREMENTS Effectiveness was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; change from open-label-baseline to month-6, observed case analysis). RESULTS A total of 141 older adults entered the extension study (monotherapy, N = 55; 39%; adjunctive therapy, N = 86; 61%). At the end of 6 months of open-label treatment with lurasidone, as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, minimal changes were observed in the older adult sample in mean weight (-1.0 kg and -0.4 kg, respectively); and median total cholesterol (-2.0 mg/dL and +6.0 md/dL, respectively), triglycerides (+2.5 mg/dL and +6.0 mg/dL, respectively), and HbA1c (0.0% and -0.1%, respectively). Patients treated with 6 months of lurasidone showed a mean improvement on the MADRS in both the monotherapy (-6.2) and adjunctive therapy (-6.7) groups. CONCLUSIONS Results of these post-hoc analyses found that up to 7.5 months of lurasidone treatment for bipolar depression in older adults was associated with minimal effects on weight and metabolic parameters, with low rates of switching to hypomania or mania, and was well tolerated. The antidepressant effectiveness of lurasidone in this age group was maintained over the 6-month treatment period.
-
5.
Role of bisphenol A as environmental factor in the promotion of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: in vitro and clinical study.
Dallio, M, Masarone, M, Errico, S, Gravina, AG, Nicolucci, C, Di Sarno, R, Gionti, L, Tuccillo, C, Persico, M, Stiuso, P, et al
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2018;(6):826-837
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A is an endocrine disrupting chemical associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease and liver enzyme abnormalities. AIM: To evaluate bisphenol A plasma and urine levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, we evaluated, in human HepG2 cells, the effects of exposure to different concentrations of bisphenol A on both oxidative stress induction and cell proliferation. METHODS We enrolled 60 patients with histological diagnosis of NAFLD with or without T2DM and sixty healthy subjects. In vitro, the proliferation of bisphenol A-exposed HepG2 cells at two different concentrations (0.025 and 0.05 μM) was evaluated, both at high (H-HepG2) and at low (L-HepG2) glucose concentrations for 48 h. Lipoperoxidation was assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. RESULTS Bisphenol A levels were significantly higher in 60 NAFLD subjects, both in urine and in plasma (P < 0.0001) when compared to controls and, in this group, it appeared to be higher in 30 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients compared to 30 simple steatosis subjects (P < 0.05), independently from the presence of T2DM. After a bisphenol A-free diet for 1 month, NAFLD patients showed a significant reduction in bisphenol A circulating levels (P < 0.05), without a significant reduction in urine levels. H-HepG2 cells treated with bisphenol A (0.05 μM) increased proliferation compared to controls at 48 h (P < 0.0001). Bisphenol A increased TBARS levels at 48 h versus controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a possible role of bisphenol A as an environmental factor involved in the promotion of NAFLD, particularly in T2DM patients.
-
6.
A synbiotic mixture of scGOS/lcFOS and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V increases faecal Bifidobacterium in healthy young children.
Kosuwon, P, Lao-Araya, M, Uthaisangsook, S, Lay, C, Bindels, J, Knol, J, Chatchatee, P
Beneficial microbes. 2018;(4):541-552
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of nutrition on toddler gut microbiota. The plasticity of the toddler gut microbiota indicates that nutritional modulation beyond infancy could potentially impact its maturation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of consuming Young Child Formula (YCF) supplemented with short chain galactooligosaccharides and long chain fructooligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS, ratio 9:1) and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V on the development of the faecal microbiota in healthy toddlers. A cohort of 129 Thai children aged 1-3 years were included in a randomised controlled clinical study. The children were assigned to receive either YCF with 0.95 g/100 ml of scGOS/lcFOS and 1.8×107 cfu/g of B. breve M-16V (Active-YCF) or Control-YCF for 12 weeks. The composition and metabolic activity of the faecal microbiota, and the level of secretory immunoglobulin A were determined in the stool samples. The consumption of Active-YCF increased the proportion of Bifidobacterium (mean 27.3% at baseline to 33.3%, at week 12, P=0.012) with a difference in change from baseline at week 12 between the Active and Control of 7.48% (P=0.030). The consumption of Active-YCF was accompanied with a more acidic intestinal milieu compared to the Control-YCF. The pH value decreased statistically significantly in the Active-YCF group from a median of 7.05 at baseline to 6.79 at week 12 (P<0.001). The consumption of Active-YCF was associated with a softer pudding-like stool consistency compared to the Control-YCF. At week 6 and week 12, the between-group difference in stool consistency was statistically significant (P=0.004 and P<0.001, respectively). A Young Child Formula supplemented with scGOS/lcFOS and B. breve M-16V positively influences the development of the faecal microbiota in healthy toddlers by supporting higher levels of Bifidobacterium. The synbiotic supplementation is also accompanied with a more acidic intestinal milieu and softer stools.
-
7.
Does the CATCH Early Childhood Program Increase Physical Activity Among Low-Income Preschoolers?-Results From a Pilot Study.
Chuang, RJ, Sharma, SV, Perry, C, Diamond, P
American journal of health promotion : AJHP. 2018;(2):344-348
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether the physical activity (PA) component of the Coordinated Approach to Child Health Early Childhood (CATCH EC) program helps increasing preschoolers' PA during active times at preschool. DESIGN Nonrandomized controlled experimental study. SETTING Head Start centers in Houston, Texas, 2009 to 2010 school year. PARTICIPANTS A total of 439 preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years (3 intervention centers, n = 220; 3 comparison centers, n = 219). INTERVENTION The CATCH EC preschool-based teacher-led nutrition and PA program. MEASURES Preschoolers' PA was measured at baseline and postintervention using the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time-Preschool version, a direct observation method measuring PA at the classroom level. Parent surveys provided demographic data. ANALYSIS Pre-to-post changes in preschoolers' PA were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Results show a significant decrease in the percentage time preschoolers spent in level 2 PA (low activity) at intervention ( P = .005) and comparison ( P = .041) centers. Indoor vigorous activity increased significantly on an average by +6.04% pre-to-post intervention among preschoolers in the intervention group ( P = .049); no significant change was found in the comparison group. CONCLUSION The CATCH EC favorably increased indoor vigorous PA level among low-income children attending Head Start.
-
8.
Sauna exposure leads to improved arterial compliance: Findings from a non-randomised experimental study.
Lee, E, Laukkanen, T, Kunutsor, SK, Khan, H, Willeit, P, Zaccardi, F, Laukkanen, JA
European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;(2):130-138
Abstract
Background Heat therapy has been suggested to improve cardiovascular function. However, the effects of hot sauna exposure on arterial compliance and the dynamics of blood flow and pressure have not been well documented. Thus, we investigated the short-term effects of sauna bathing on arterial stiffness and haemodynamics. Design The design was an experimental non-randomised study. Methods There were 102 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 51.9 years) who had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Participants were exposed to a single sauna session (duration: 30 min; temperature: 73℃; humidity: 10-20%). Pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, heart rate, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, augmented pressure and left ventricular ejection time were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 min after a single sauna session. Results Sauna bathing led to reductions in pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular ejection time. Mean pulse wave velocity value before sauna was 9.8 m/s and decreased to 8.6 m/s immediately after sauna bathing ( p < 0.001 for difference), and was 9.0 m/s after the 30-minute recovery period ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). Systolic blood pressure was 137 mm Hg before sauna bathing, decreasing to 130 mm Hg after sauna ( p < 0.001), which remained sustained during the 30-minute recovery phase ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). After a single sauna session, diastolic blood pressure decreased from 82 to 75 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure from 99.4 to 93.6 mm Hg and left ventricular ejection time from 307 to 278 m/s ( p < 0.001 for all differences). Pulse pressure was 42.7 mm Hg before the sauna, 44.9 mm Hg immediately after the sauna, and reduced to 39.3 mm Hg after 30-minutes recovery ( p < 0.001 for analysis of variance). Heart rate increased from 65 to 81 beats/min post-sauna ( p < 0.001); there were no significant changes for augmented pressure and pulse pressure amplification. Conclusion This study shows that pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular ejection time and diastolic time decreased immediately after a 30-minute sauna session. Decreases in systolic blood pressure and left ventricular ejection time were sustained during the 30-minute recovery phase.
-
9.
Chronic Ketogenic Low Carbohydrate High Fat Diet Has Minimal Effects on Acid-Base Status in Elite Athletes.
Carr, AJ, Sharma, AP, Ross, ML, Welvaert, M, Slater, GJ, Burke, LM
Nutrients. 2018;10(2)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
The low-fat, high-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has recently been applied to the context of elite athletes to observe potential impact on performance and metabolism during exercise and rest. The aim to this study was to assess the effect of a long-term ketogenic diet on the acid-base status in elite athletes, particularly investigating whether sustained diet change caused alterations in overall acid production. Twenty-one athletes were assigned to a high carbohydrate diet, low carbohydrate diet and periodised carbohydrate availability diet for three sustained weeks. Acid-base balance was measured via blood samples at baseline and post-intervention. The main finding of this study was that a sustained ketogenic diet had no influence of acid-base status. Based on these results, the authors conclude that long-term manipulation of macronutrient intake is unlikely to influence acid-base status in this population. It is also noted that elite athletes may have an increased buffering capacity compared with the general population, and that further research should be done in different participant populations.
Abstract
Although short (up to 3 days) exposure to major shifts in macronutrient intake appears to alter acid-base status, the effects of sustained (>1 week) interventions in elite athletes has not been determined. Using a non-randomized, parallel design, we examined the effect of adaptations to 21 days of a ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) or periodized carbohydrate (PCHO) diet on pre- and post-exercise blood pH, and concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO₃-) and lactate (La-) in comparison to a high carbohydrate (HCHO) control. Twenty-four (17 male and 7 female) elite-level race walkers completed 21 days of either LCHF (n = 9), PCHO (n = 7), or HCHO (n = 8) under controlled diet and training conditions. At baseline and post-intervention, blood pH, blood [HCO₃-], and blood [La-] were measured before and after a graded exercise test. Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) over the previous 48-72 h was also calculated from monitored dietary intake. LCHF was not associated with significant differences in blood pH, [HCO₃-], or [La-], compared with the HCHO diet pre- or post-exercise, despite a significantly higher NEAP (mEq·day-1) (95% CI = [10.44; 36.04]). Our results indicate that chronic dietary interventions are unlikely to influence acid-base status in elite athletes, which may be due to pre-existing training adaptations, such as an enhanced buffering capacity, or the actions of respiratory and renal pathways, which have a greater influence on regulation of acid-base status than nutritional intake.
-
10.
Methods and design of a 10-week multi-component family meals intervention: a two group quasi-experimental effectiveness trial.
Rogers, C, Anderson, SE, Dollahite, JS, Hill, TF, Holloman, C, Miller, CK, Pratt, KJ, Gunther, C
BMC public health. 2017;(1):50
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the ongoing childhood obesity public health crisis and potential protective effect of family meals, there is need for additional family meals research, specifically experimental studies with expanded health outcomes that focus on the at-risk populations in highest need of intervention. Future research, specifically intervention work, would also benefit from an expansion of the target age range to include younger children, who are laying the foundation of their eating patterns and capable of participating in family meal preparations. The purpose of this paper is to address this research gap by presenting the objectives and research methods of a 10-week multi-component family meals intervention study aimed at eliciting positive changes in child diet and weight status. METHODS This will be a group quasi-experimental trial with staggered cohort design. Data will be collected via direct measure and questionnaires at baseline, intervention completion (or waiting period for controls), and 10-weeks post-intervention. Setting will be faith-based community center. Participants will be 60 underserved families with at least 1, 4-10 year old child will be recruited and enrolled in the intervention (n = 30) or waitlist control group (n = 30). The intervention (Simple Suppers) is a 10-week family meals program designed for underserved families from racial/ethnic diverse backgrounds. The 10, 90-min program lessons will be delivered weekly over the dinner hour. Session components include: a) interactive group discussion of strategies to overcome family meal barriers, plus weekly goal setting for caregivers; b) engagement in age-appropriate food preparation activities for children; and c) group family meal for caregivers and children. Main outcome measures are change in: child diet quality; child standardized body mass index; and frequency of family meals. Regression models will be used to compare response variables results of intervention to control group, controlling for confounders. Analyses will account for clustering by family and cohort. Significance will be set at p < 0.05. DISCUSSION This is the first experimentally designed family meals intervention that targets underserved families with elementary school age children and includes an examination of health outcomes beyond weight status. Results will provide researchers and practitioners with insight on evidence-based programming to aid in childhood obesity prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02923050 . Registered 03 October 2016. Retrospectively registered.