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1.
Genetic evidence of Zika virus in mother's breast milk and body fluids of a newborn with severe congenital defects.
Giovanetti, M, Goes de Jesus, J, Lima de Maia, M, Junior, JX, Castro Amarante, MF, Viana, P, Khouri Barreto, F, de Cerqueira, EM, Pedreira Santos, N, Barreto Falcão, M, et al
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018;(10):1111-1112
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2.
Breast Milk Lipidome Is Associated with Early Growth Trajectory in Preterm Infants.
Alexandre-Gouabau, MC, Moyon, T, Cariou, V, Antignac, JP, Qannari, EM, Croyal, M, Soumah, M, Guitton, Y, David-Sochard, A, Billard, H, et al
Nutrients. 2018;(2)
Abstract
Human milk is recommended for feeding preterm infants. The current pilot study aims to determine whether breast-milk lipidome had any impact on the early growth-pattern of preterm infants fed their own mother's milk. A prospective-monocentric-observational birth-cohort was established, enrolling 138 preterm infants, who received their own mother's breast-milk throughout hospital stay. All infants were ranked according to the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge. Then, we selected infants who experienced "slower" (n = 15, -1.54 ± 0.42 Z-score) or "faster" (n = 11, -0.48 ± 0.19 Z-score) growth; as expected, although groups did not differ regarding gestational age, birth weight Z-score was lower in the "faster-growth" group (0.56 ± 0.72 vs. -1.59 ± 0.96). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomic signatures combined with multivariate analyses made it possible to identify breast-milk lipid species that allowed clear-cut discrimination between groups. Validation of the selected biomarkers was performed using multidimensional statistical, false-discovery-rate and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) tools. Breast-milk associated with faster growth contained more medium-chain saturated fatty acid and sphingomyelin, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-containing phosphethanolamine, and less oleic acid-containing triglyceride and DGLA-oxylipin. The ability of such biomarkers to predict early-growth was validated in presence of confounding clinical factors but remains to be ascertained in larger cohort studies.
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3.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) shedding in breast milk from African women living with HIV.
Diaz, S, Boulle, N, Molès, JP, Peries, M, Rutagwera, D, Kankasa, C, Tumwine, JK, Van de Perre, P, Segondy, M
Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. 2018;:41-43
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about human papillomavirus (HPV) shedding in human breast milk. OBJECTIVE To investigate HPV shedding in mature breast milk specimens collected from breastfeeding African women living with HIV-1 and not receiving antiretroviral treatment. DESIGN 62 African women enrolled in the ANRS 12174 trial participated in this study. 79 lactoserum specimens obtained from right and/or left breasts from 42 Zambian women as well as lactosera and cell pellets from 40 milk samples collected from right and left breasts among 20 Ugandan women were tested for HPV using the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II assay. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 9 (11.4%) lactoserum specimens collected from 8 (19.0%) Zambian women. Fourteen (17.5%) samples from 5 (25%) Ugandan women were positive for HPV detection. Differences in HPV type identification between the two breasts as well as between lactoserum and cell pellet were oberved. Overall, 13 (21.0%) of the 62 women included in this study had detectable HPV DNA in their breast milk, representing 11 HPV types, including high-risk, probable high-risk and low-risk types. CONCLUSION This study confirms that HPV can be frequently detected in breast milk in HIV-infected women. Further studies are needed to understand the way by which maternal milk can shed HPV.
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4.
Association of breast milk fatty acids with allergic disease outcomes-A systematic review.
Waidyatillake, NT, Dharmage, SC, Allen, KJ, Lodge, CJ, Simpson, JA, Bowatte, G, Abramson, MJ, Lowe, AJ
Allergy. 2018;(2):295-312
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have immunoregulatory properties. Breast milk is rich in PUFA, and it has been hypothesized that these PUFAs may be important in the aetiology of allergic diseases. Despite a growing body of evidence, the associations between breast milk PUFA and allergic disease have not previously been systematically reviewed. METHODS The search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases using breastfeeding, fatty acid and allergic disease terms. Two authors were involved in selecting papers for review according to the inclusion criteria and extracting information on study characteristics and measures of association. Only studies that reported numeric associations between concentration of breast milk fatty acids and allergic disease outcomes were included. RESULTS A total of 18 papers met the inclusion criteria, reporting results from 15 study populations. The majority were cohort studies (n=11), with data from only two case-control and two cross-sectional studies. Sample size varied between 30 and 352 participants, and follow-up time of the cohorts varied between 3 months and 14 years. Nine studies reported on eczema, seven reported on sensitization, and only five reported on asthma/wheeze. There was heterogeneity among studies in terms of presenting the association between PUFA and allergy; therefore, estimates could not be pooled. Only a few studies observed associations between n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and allergic disease, and the magnitude of this effect varied greatly. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to suggest that colostrum or breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids influence the risk of childhood allergic diseases.
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5.
Higher intake of coagulase-negative staphylococci from maternal milk promotes gut colonization with mecA-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis in preterm neonates.
Soeorg, H, Treumuth, S, Metsvaht, HK, Eelmäe, I, Merila, M, Ilmoja, ML, Lutsar, I, Metsvaht, T
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association. 2018;(10):1344-1352
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine factors associated with gut colonization of preterm neonates with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from maternal milk (MM). STUDY DESIGN CoNS isolated from weekly collected stool and MM of hospitalized preterm (n = 49) and healthy term neonates (n = 20) were genotyped. Colonization-related factors were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULT Gut colonization with mecA-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis from MM was less prevalent (40.8% vs. 95%) and delayed (median age 15.5 vs. 2 days) in preterm compared with term neonates. Enhanced colonization was associated with higher intake of CoNS from MM (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.006 (1.00-1.01) for 106 colony-forming units), lower proportion of mecA-positive predominant NICU strains in gut (0.09 (0.01-0.49) for 1%) and lower incidence of late-onset CoNS sepsis (5% vs. 34% in those without colonization). CONCLUSION Enteral feeding with larger proportion of unpasteurized MM and limiting spread of predominant strains may promote colonization with CoNS from MM.
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6.
Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Adiponectin: The Association with Infant Adiposity Development.
Mohamad, M, Loy, SL, Lim, PY, Wang, Y, Soo, KL, Mohamed, HJJ
International journal of environmental research and public health. 2018;(6)
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in Malaysia. Metabolic changes during pregnancy are critical to the development of infant adiposity, due to imbalanced adipokines production. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of maternal serum and breast milk adipokines with infant adiposity development. The study was conducted from April 2010 until December 2012. A total of 155 healthy pregnant mothers aged 19 to 40 years were recruited during the first and second trimester in Kelantan, Malaysia. Data consisted of maternal sociodemographic details, anthropometry and clinical biochemistry analysis; and the infant’s anthropometry and feeding patterns. Maternal fasting serum and breast milk samples were analysed for adiponectin and leptin levels. Data collection was performed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and continued with follow-up visits at birth, two, six, and 12 months postpartum. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed to examine the associations between maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin and leptin and infant adiposity development. MLR models showed that, in the first year, as maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin increased, infant weight, BMI-for-age Z scores and abdominal circumference significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Maternal serum and/or breast milk adiponectin was associated with first-year infant adiposity development.
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7.
Mothers With Perceived Insufficient Milk: Preliminary Evidence of Home Interventions to Boost Mother-Infant Interactions.
Wood, NK, Sanders, EA
Western journal of nursing research. 2018;(8):1184-1202
Abstract
Perceived insufficient milk (PIM) is the primary reason for breastfeeding discontinuation globally. This study evaluated the short-term impact of mother-infant interactions through home interventions designed to overcome PIM as a result of the infant's behavior, delivered to 14 dyads of breastfeeding mothers and their full-term singleton infants. A single group, three-occasion prepost design was used. Mother-infant interactions were measured by the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NCAFS) at 6, 13, and 27 days postpartum. There were significantly increased mother-infant interactions during intervention. Specifically, significant growth over the intervention occurred for mother's sensitivity to cues, cognitive growth fostering, infant's clarity of cues, and responsiveness to caregiver. The NCAFS total score was also significantly improved. Although modifications are required, the three home intervention sessions showed promise in improving mother-infant interactions during breastfeeding. Further investigation using a randomized experimental design is warranted.
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8.
High-Fructose Corn-Syrup-Sweetened Beverage Intake Increases 5-Hour Breast Milk Fructose Concentrations in Lactating Women.
Berger, PK, Fields, DA, Demerath, EW, Fujiwara, H, Goran, MI
Nutrients. 2018;(6)
Abstract
This study determined the effects of consuming a high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverage on breast milk fructose, glucose, and lactose concentrations in lactating women. At six weeks postpartum, lactating mothers (n = 41) were randomized to a crossover study to consume a commercially available HFCS-sweetened beverage or artificially sweetened control beverage. At each session, mothers pumped a complete breast milk expression every hour for six consecutive hours. The baseline fasting concentrations of breast milk fructose, glucose, and lactose were 5.0 ± 1.3 µg/mL, 0.6 ± 0.3 mg/mL, and 6.8 ± 1.6 g/dL, respectively. The changes over time in breast milk sugars were significant only for fructose (treatment × time, p < 0.01). Post hoc comparisons showed the HFCS-sweetened beverage vs. control beverage increased breast milk fructose at 120 min (8.8 ± 2.1 vs. 5.3 ± 1.9 µg/mL), 180 min (9.4 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.2 µg/mL), 240 min (7.8 ± 1.7 vs. 5.1 ± 1.9 µg/mL), and 300 min (6.9 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.9 µg/mL) (all p < 0.05). The mean incremental area under the curve for breast milk fructose was also different between treatments (14.7 ± 1.2 vs. -2.60 ± 1.2 µg/mL × 360 min, p < 0.01). There was no treatment × time interaction for breast milk glucose or lactose. Our data suggest that the consumption of an HFCS-sweetened beverage increased breast milk fructose concentrations, which remained elevated up to five hours post-consumption.
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9.
Dietary Intervention to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Breastfeeding Women: A Pilot Randomized Trial Measuring Inflammatory Markers in Breast Milk.
Essa, AR, Browne, EP, Punska, EC, Perkins, K, Boudreau, E, Wiggins, H, Anderton, DL, Sibeko, L, Sturgeon, SR, Arcaro, KF
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2018;(12):2287-2295
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets rich in fruits and vegetables (F/V) can reduce the inflammatory profile of circulating cytokines and potentially decrease the risk of breast cancer. However, the extent to which a diet rich in F/V alters cytokine levels in breast tissue remains largely unknown. Breast milk provides a means of assessing concentrations of secreted cytokines in the breast microenvironment and is a potential tool for studying the effects of diet on inflammation in breast tissue and breast cancer risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot randomized trial was to test the feasibility of increasing F/V intake in breastfeeding women and of measuring changes in markers of inflammation in breast milk. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION Participants randomized to the intervention (n=5) were provided weekly boxes of F/V, along with dietary counseling, to increase consumption of F/V to 8 to 10 daily servings for 12 consecutive weeks. Controls (n=5) were directed to the US Department of Agriculture's "ChooseMyPlate" diet for pregnancy and breastfeeding. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Ten breastfeeding women consuming fewer than five servings of F/V per day, as estimated by the National Institutes of Health "All-Day" Fruit and Vegetable Screener (F/V Screener), were recruited through flyers and a lactation consultant between February and May 2016 in the Western Massachusetts area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Baseline demographic and F/V intake data were collected during enrollment. At week 1 and week 13 (final) home visits, participants provided milk samples and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Participants completed F/V screeners at baseline and at study end. Adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and 11 additional cytokines were measured in breast milk collected at weeks 1 and 13. STATISTICAL ANALYSES F/V consumption at baseline and after the final visit, and between controls and intervention groups, was compared with dependent and independent t tests, respectively. Differences between cytokine levels at weeks 1 and 13 were assessed with a mixed-effects repeated-measures model. RESULTS All women in the intervention increased F/V intake and were consuming more servings than controls by week 13; daily serving of F/V at baseline and final visit: controls=1.6 and 2.0, diet=2.6 and 9.9. Most cytokines were detected in the majority of milk samples: 12 were detected in 90% to 100% of samples, one was detected in 75% of samples, and one was detected in 7.5% of samples; coefficients of variation were below 14% for 11 of the cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings indicate that it is feasible to significantly increase F/V intake in breastfeeding women and provide support for conducting a larger diet intervention study in breastfeeding women, in which longer-term benefits of the intervention are assessed.
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10.
Effects of infant formula composition on long-term metabolic health.
Lemaire, M, Le Huërou-Luron, I, Blat, S
Journal of developmental origins of health and disease. 2018;(6):573-589
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Abstract
Early nutrition may have long-lasting metabolic impacts in adulthood. Even though breast milk is the gold standard, most infants are at least partly formula-fed. Despite obvious improvements, infant formulas remain perfectible to reduce the gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Improvements such as reducing the protein content, modulating the lipid matrix and adding prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, are discussed regarding metabolic health. Numerous questions remain to be answered on how impacting the infant formula composition may modulate the host metabolism and exert long-term benefits. Interactions between early nutrition (composition of human milk and infant formula) and the gut microbiota profile, as well as mechanisms connecting gut microbiota to metabolic health, are highlighted. Gut microbiota stands as a key actor in the nutritional programming but additional well-designed longitudinal human studies are needed.