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1.
A consensus statement on lipid management after acute coronary syndrome.
Schiele, F, Farnier, M, Krempf, M, Bruckert, E, Ferrières, J, ,
European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care. 2018;(6):532-543
Abstract
In patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology give a Class I, Level A recommendation for the prescription of high-intensity statins to be initiated as early as possible, regardless of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. Although statins are widely prescribed after ACS, the intensity of therapy and the proportion of patients achieving target LDL-C values are often not in line with recommendations due to a lack of compliance with guidelines by the physicians, a lack of compliance with treatment or poor tolerance by patients, and poor dose adaptation. In this context, a group of French physicians came together to define strategies to facilitate and improve the management of lipid-lowering therapy after ACS. This paper outlines the scientific rationale for the use of statins at the acute phase of ACS, the utility of ezetimibe, the measurement of LDL-C during the course of ACS, the opportunities for detecting familial hypercholesterolaemia and the results of the consensus for the management of lipid-lowering therapy, illustrated in two decision-making algorithms.
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2.
Association between lipid profiles and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis.
Chen, YY, Wang, WW, Yang, L, Chen, WW, Zhang, HX
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2018;(1):1-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between blood lipid profiles and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature related to lipid profiles and postmenopausal osteoporosis was conducted in Wanfang Database, CNKI, PubMed (1950-2015) and EMBASE (1974-2015). Appropriate studies were selected according to pre-defined exclusion criteria, and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were compared between osteoporosis and normal density groups. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan5.3. RESULTS Ten published articles were selected for meta-analysis. The results showed that the levels of HDL, LDL, TC were higher in the osteoporosis group than the normal density group, whereas the levels of TG were lower in the osteoporosis group (HDL: MD = 2.63, 95% CI: 0.43 to 4.84, p = 0.02; LDL: MD = 9.67, 95% CI: -0.10 to 19.44, p = 0.0532; TG: MD = -0.42, 95% CI: -17.52 to 16.67, p = 0.96; TC: MD = 14.82, 95% CI: 2.84 to 26.80, p = 0.02). There was no statistical difference in LDL and TG. CONCLUSIONS The serum levels of HDL and TC are higher in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, and may thus be potentially useful indicators to reflect the process of osteoporosis in these women. More research is needed to determine the relationship between LDL, TG and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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3.
A review on cationic lipids with different linkers for gene delivery.
Zhi, D, Bai, Y, Yang, J, Cui, S, Zhao, Y, Chen, H, Zhang, S
Advances in colloid and interface science. 2018;:117-140
Abstract
Cationic lipids have become known as one of the most versatile tools for the delivery of DNA, RNA and many other therapeutic molecules, and are especially attractive because they can be easily designed, synthesized and characterized. Most of cationic lipids share the common structure of cationic head groups and hydrophobic portions with linker bonds between both domains. The linker bond is an important determinant of the chemical stability and biodegradability of cationic lipid, and further governs its transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Based on the structures of linker bonds, they can be grouped into many types, such as ether, ester, amide, carbamate, disulfide, urea, acylhydrazone, phosphate, and other unusual types (carnitine, vinyl ether, ketal, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, malonic acid diamide and dihydroxybenzene). This review summarizes some research results concerning the nature (such as the structure and orientation of linker groups) and density (such as the spacing and the number of linker groups) of linker bond for improving the chemical stability, biodegradability, transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of cationic lipid to overcome the critical barriers of in vitro and in vivo transfection.
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4.
Breast Milk Lipidome Is Associated with Early Growth Trajectory in Preterm Infants.
Alexandre-Gouabau, MC, Moyon, T, Cariou, V, Antignac, JP, Qannari, EM, Croyal, M, Soumah, M, Guitton, Y, David-Sochard, A, Billard, H, et al
Nutrients. 2018;(2)
Abstract
Human milk is recommended for feeding preterm infants. The current pilot study aims to determine whether breast-milk lipidome had any impact on the early growth-pattern of preterm infants fed their own mother's milk. A prospective-monocentric-observational birth-cohort was established, enrolling 138 preterm infants, who received their own mother's breast-milk throughout hospital stay. All infants were ranked according to the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge. Then, we selected infants who experienced "slower" (n = 15, -1.54 ± 0.42 Z-score) or "faster" (n = 11, -0.48 ± 0.19 Z-score) growth; as expected, although groups did not differ regarding gestational age, birth weight Z-score was lower in the "faster-growth" group (0.56 ± 0.72 vs. -1.59 ± 0.96). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomic signatures combined with multivariate analyses made it possible to identify breast-milk lipid species that allowed clear-cut discrimination between groups. Validation of the selected biomarkers was performed using multidimensional statistical, false-discovery-rate and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) tools. Breast-milk associated with faster growth contained more medium-chain saturated fatty acid and sphingomyelin, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-containing phosphethanolamine, and less oleic acid-containing triglyceride and DGLA-oxylipin. The ability of such biomarkers to predict early-growth was validated in presence of confounding clinical factors but remains to be ascertained in larger cohort studies.
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5.
Effects of Concomitant Administration of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor with Insulin on Hemoglobin A1c, Body Mass Index and Serum Lipid Profile in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Kusunoki, M, Natsume, Y, Miyata, T, Tsutsumi, K, Oshida, Y
Drug research. 2018;(12):669-672
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who show suboptimal blood glucose control under insulin therapy alone, concomitant treatment with an additional hypoglycemic agent that differs in its mechanism of action from insulin may be considered. We conducted this clinical trial to explore whether further control of increased blood glucose level can be achieved with concomitant use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor as concomitant with other hypoglycemic therapy, as compared to SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showing decrease in blood glucose level but less than the effect of insulin monotherapy and there was no significant differences. In the SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy group, decreases of the serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and serum triglyceride, and elevation of the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were observed as compared to the baseline values. In the type 2 diabetic patients under insulin therapy who received combined insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, however decreases in the body weight and BMI, with only a tendency towards decrease of the serum HbA1c value, not reaching statistical significance, were observed. The combined therapy group also showed no appreciable changes of the serum triglyceride level, while the serum adiponectin level increased. The present study data indicate that combined insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitor treatment failed to afford any further improvement of the blood glucose control, as compared to SGLT2 monotherapy, in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
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6.
Lipid profile associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis in critically ill patients.
Golucci, APBS, Marson, FAL, Ribeiro, AF, Nogueira, RJN
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 2018;:7-14
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in lipid profiles occur in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), whether due to sepsis or another cause. Hypocholesterolemia associated with hypertriacylglycerolemia can lead to disease severity and higher mortality. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the principal alterations in markers that participate in the alteration of the lipid profile. METHODS We reviewed articles focused on alterations in the lipid profile in SIRS, sepsis, or both that were indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online from 2000 to 2017. The descriptors used were SIRS; sepsis; lipid profile; and lipoproteins. We focused in particular on the relationships among SIRS, sepsis, and lipid profiles. RESULTS We included 29 studies that discussed decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, and elevated triacylglycerols concentrations in patients with SIRS, sepsis, or both. The variation in the lipid profile was proportional to the level of inflammation as evaluated by inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and tumor necrosis factor. Additionally, there was a change in the composition of lipoproteins, especially HDL, triacylglycerols, and very low-density lipoprotein. HDL appears to be an inflammatory marker, as reduction of its levels reflects the intensity of the underlying inflammatory process. CONCLUSION Critically ill patients with SIRS, sepsis, or both presented with alterations in lipid metabolism.
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7.
Avocado Fruit on Postprandial Markers of Cardio-Metabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Dose Response Trial in Overweight and Obese Men and Women.
Park, E, Edirisinghe, I, Burton-Freeman, B
Nutrients. 2018;(9)
Abstract
Avocados are distinctive fruits having both fats and fibers along with various micronutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. This study aimed to assess the effects of replacing carbohydrate energy in meals with half or whole avocado on postprandial indices of metabolic and vascular health. A single-center, randomized, controlled, 3-arm, 6 h, crossover study was conducted in overweight/obese middle-aged adults (n = 31). Participants consumed energy-matched breakfast meals containing 0 g (Control), 68 g (Half-A) or 136 g (Whole-A) fresh Hass avocado on 3 separate occasions. Post-meal glycemic (p < 0.0001), insulinemic (p < 0.0001) and flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) responses were reduced compared to Control meal (p < 0.01), independent of dose. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated lower concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and higher concentrations of larger high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles after the Whole-A vs. the Control meal (p = 0.02, p < 0.05, respectively). Race/ethnicity influenced sub-class lipoprotein concentrations (p < 0.05). Oxidized low-density-lipoproteins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6 were not different among meals. Tumor necrosis factor-α tended to be lower after Whole-A vs. Control meal (p = 0.07). Replacing carbohydrate components with avocados in a meal improved FMD, a measure of endothelial function, and improved glycemic and lipoprotein profiles in overweight/obese adults. The study provides insight on the acute cardio-metabolic benefits of incorporating avocados into a meal.
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8.
The effects of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in chronic stable angina on serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid profile.
Javid, AZ, Haybar, H, Dehghan, P, Haghighizadeh, MH, Mohaghegh, SM, Ravanbakhsh, M, Mohammadzadeh, A
Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. 2018;(4):785-791
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Chronic stable angina (CSA) is the primary sign of CAD. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a substantial role in pathogenesis and progression of CAD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of powdered Melissa officinalis (MO) on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in patients with CSA. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 80 patients with CSA. The subjects were randomly assigned to obtaineither oral MO 3 g/d (n=40) or placebo (n=40) for eight weeks. Anthropometric indices, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS The mean serum concentrations of triglycerides, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) were lower in the intervention group compared with placebo (p<0.01) post intervention. Moreover, the mean serum concentration of paraxonase 1 (PNO1) and HDL-c were higher (p<0.001) in the intervention group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Oral MO supplementation improves the lipid profile, MDA, hs-CRP, and PNO1 in patients with CSA.
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9.
Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on cognition and blood lipids: a 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Hu, J, Jia, J, Zhang, Y, Miao, R, Huo, X, Ma, F
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 2018;(12):1341-1347
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10.
Exercise training modalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Pan, B, Ge, L, Xun, YQ, Chen, YJ, Gao, CY, Han, X, Zuo, LQ, Shan, HQ, Yang, KH, Ding, GW, et al
The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2018;(1):72
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current international guidelines recommend aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In our study, we conducted a network meta-analysis to assess the comparative impact of different exercise training modalities on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and weight loss in patients with T2DM. METHODS We searched five electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the differences between different exercise training modalities for patients with T2DM. The risk of bias in the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane tool. Network meta-analysis was performed to calculate mean difference the ratio of the mean and absolute risk differences. Data were analyzed using R-3.4.0. RESULTS A total of 37 studies with 2208 patients with T2DM were included in our study. Both supervised aerobic and supervised resistance exercises showed a significant reduction in HbA1c compared to no exercise (0.30% lower, 0.30% lower, respectively), however, there was a less reduction when compared to combined exercise (0.17% higher, 0.23% higher). Supervised aerobic also presented more significant improvement than no exercise in fasting plasma glucose (9.38 mg/dl lower), total cholesterol (20.24 mg/dl lower), triacylglycerol (19.34 mg/dl lower), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.88 mg/dl lower). Supervised resistance showed more benefit than no exercise in improving systolic blood pressure (3.90 mmHg lower]) and total cholesterol (22.08 mg/dl lower]. In addition, supervised aerobic exercise was more powerful in improving HbA1c and weight loss than unsupervised aerobic (HbA1c: 0.60% lower; weight loss: 5.02 kg lower) and unsupervised resistance (HbA1c: 0.53% lower) exercises. CONCLUSION Compared with either supervised aerobic or supervised resistance exercise alone, combined exercise showed more pronounced improvement in HbA1c levels; however, there was a less marked improvement in some cardiovascular risk factors. In terms of weight loss, there were no significant differences among the combined, supervised aerobic, and supervised resistance exercises. TRIAL REGISTRATION Our study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number: CRD42017067518 .