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Effects of Mixing Energy Drinks With Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills.
Pérez-Mañá, C, Mateus, JA, Díaz-Pellicer, P, Díaz-Baggerman, A, Pérez, M, Pujadas, M, Fonseca, F, Papaseit, E, Pujol, J, Langohr, K, et al
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;(1):13-25
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks (EDs) reduce sleepiness and fatigue and improve driving performance whereas alcohol does just the opposite. Although it is a trendy combination among young people, the effects of alcohol mixed with EDs on driving performance have been poorly studied. The aim was to assess if there is an interaction between the effects of both drinks on driving-related skills as well as perceptions about driving ability. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled 4-way crossover clinical trial. Participants were 16 healthy volunteers. Interventions of 60 g of ethanol and 750 mL of Red Bull (RB) were administered in 2 separated doses. Conditions were alcohol + RB placebo, alcohol + RB, alcohol placebo + RB, and both placebos. Objective performance was assessed using a tracking test and simple reaction time, N-Back, and movement estimation tasks. Additionally, willingness to drive, other subjective effects, and ethanol and caffeine blood concentrations were also measured. RESULTS Alcohol increased the time outside the road in the tracking test and increased simple reaction time, but the addition of RB had no main or interaction effects on performance. Nonetheless, driving-related skills after alcohol + RB were better than after alcohol alone. Willingness to drive increased with the combination of drinks. RB also reduced alcohol-induced sedation whereas drunkenness did not change. These effects were seen even though alcohol + RB increased alcohol (14.8%) and caffeine plasma concentrations (17.6%). CONCLUSIONS Mixing EDs with alcohol predisposes consumers to drive under alcohol influence, perhaps in part because EDs counteract its detrimental effects on driving-related skills. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02771587.
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Acute caffeine ingestion improves 3-km run performance, cognitive function, and psychological state of young recreational runners.
Khcharem, A, Souissi, M, Atheymen, R, Souissi, W, Sahnoun, Z
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. 2021;:173219
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the effects of caffeine administration on performance time, cognition, psychomotor state, and blood levels of oxidative stress markers following a 3-km run competition. Thirteen recreational runners performed two test sessions in a double-blind randomized order after placebo or 3 mg/kg of body mass of caffeine. At each session, subjects completed a 3-km running competition around a 400 m outdoor athletics track. Cognitive tasks (attention and reaction time), psychological tests (Feeling scale and Hooper), and blood collection were carried out before and after the run. In comparison with placebo, caffeine ingestion enhanced the 3-km performance time by 1.1% (p < 0.001) (10.13 ± 0.69 min versus 10.25 ± 0.72 min), improved attention by 15.6% (p < 0.001) and reaction-time by 5.9% (p < 0.05), increased good-feeling by 15.7% (p < 0.01), and lowered stress-feeling by 17.6% (p < 0.01) and pain-sensation by 11.3% (p < 0.05). However, no significant effects of caffeine were observed on oxidative stress markers. Only exercise resulted in increased levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (12.2%, 8.8%) (p < 0.05), reduced glutathione (GSH) (17.6%, 10.1%) (p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (7.6%, 6.5%) (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (10.3%, 9.6%) (p < 0.05), for both the placebo and caffeine groups respectively. In conclusion, our study highlighted that the consumption of 3 mg/kg caffeine could be an improving agent for the physical, cognitive, and psychological states without affecting the oxidative stress state during such a running competition.
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Modulation of magnetoencephalography alpha band activity by radiofrequency electromagnetic field depicted in sensor and source space.
Wallace, J, Yahia-Cherif, L, Gitton, C, Hugueville, L, Lemaréchal, JD, Selmaoui, B
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):23403
Abstract
Several studies reported changes in spontaneous electroencephalogram alpha band activity related to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, but findings showed both an increase and a decrease of its spectral power or no effect. Here, we studied the alpha band modulation after 900 MHz mobile phone radiofrequency exposure and localized cortical regions involved in these changes, via a magnetoencephalography (MEG) protocol with healthy volunteers in a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced crossover design. MEG was recorded during eyes open and eyes closed resting-state before and after radiofrequency exposure. Potential confounding factors, known to affect alpha band activity, were assessed as control parameters to limit bias. Entire alpha band, lower and upper alpha sub-bands MEG power spectral densities were estimated in sensor and source space. Biochemistry assays for salivary biomarkers of stress (cortisol, chromogranin-A, alpha amylase), heart rate variability analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography for salivary caffeine concentration were realized. Results in sensor and source space showed a significant modulation of MEG alpha band activity after the radiofrequency exposure, with different involved cortical regions in relation to the eyes condition, probably because of different attention level with open or closed eyes. None of the control parameters reported a statistically significant difference between experimental sessions.
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Hydroxyurea and Caffeine Impact pRb-like Protein-Dependent Chromatin Architecture Profiles in Interphase Cells of Vicia faba.
Musiałek, MW, Deckert, J, Rybaczek, D
International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;(9)
Abstract
The survival of cells depends on their ability to replicate correctly genetic material. Cells exposed to replication stress can experience a number of problems that may lead to deregulated proliferation, the development of cancer, and/or programmed cell death. In this article, we have induced prolonged replication arrest via hydroxyurea (HU) treatment and also premature chromosome condensation (PCC) by co-treatment with HU and caffeine (CF) in the root meristem cells of Vicia faba. We have analyzed the changes in the activities of retinoblastoma-like protein (RbS807/811ph). Results obtained from the immunocytochemical detection of RbS807/811ph allowed us to distinguish five unique activity profiles of pRb. We have also performed detailed 3D modeling using Blender 2.9.1., based on the original data and some final conclusions. 3D models helped us to visualize better the events occurring within the nuclei and acted as a high-resolution aid for presenting the results. We have found that, despite the decrease in pRb activity, its activity profiles were mostly intact and clearly recognizable, with some local alterations that may correspond to the increased demand in transcriptional activity. Our findings suggest that Vicia faba's ability to withstand harsh environments may come from its well-developed and highly effective response to replication stress.
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The Effects of Intraoperative Caffeine on Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Related Outcomes After Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Vlisides, PE, Li, D, McKinney, A, Brooks, J, Leis, AM, Mentz, G, Tsodikov, A, Zierau, M, Ragheb, J, Clauw, DJ, et al
Anesthesia and analgesia. 2021;(1):233-242
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical patients are vulnerable to opioid dependency and related risks. Clinical-translational data suggest that caffeine may enhance postoperative analgesia. This trial tested the hypothesis that intraoperative caffeine would reduce postoperative opioid consumption. The secondary objective was to assess whether caffeine improves neuropsychological recovery postoperatively. METHODS This was a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants, clinicians, research teams, and data analysts were all blinded to the intervention. Adult (≥18 years old) surgical patients (n = 65) presenting for laparoscopic colorectal and gastrointestinal surgery were randomized to an intravenous caffeine citrate infusion (200 mg) or dextrose 5% in water (40 mL) during surgical closure. The primary outcome was cumulative opioid consumption through postoperative day 3. Secondary outcomes included subjective pain reporting, observer-reported pain, delirium, Trail Making Test performance, depression and anxiety screens, and affect scores. Adverse events were reported, and hemodynamic profiles were also compared between the groups. RESULTS Sixty patients were included in the final analysis, with 30 randomized to each group. The median (interquartile range) cumulative opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents, milligrams) was 77 mg (33-182 mg) for caffeine and 51 mg (15-117 mg) for placebo (estimated difference, 55 mg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -9 to 118; P = .092). After post hoc adjustment for baseline imbalances, caffeine was associated with increased opioid consumption (87 mg; 95% CI, 26-148; P = .005). There were otherwise no differences in prespecified pain or neuropsychological outcomes between the groups. No major adverse events were reported in relation to caffeine, and no major hemodynamic perturbations were observed with caffeine administration. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine appears unlikely to reduce early postoperative opioid consumption. Caffeine otherwise appears well tolerated during anesthetic emergence.
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Chimarrão consumption and prognostic factors in breast cancer: Correlation with antioxidants and blood caffeine levels.
Calixto, MRP, Rech, D, Dos Santos, VL, Madeira, TB, Nixdorf, SL, Fagundes, TR, Davis, RAH, Bastos, FF, Bastos-Neto, JDC, Bastos, VLFDC, et al
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2021;(2):888-897
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy among women. Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil, known as yerba mate, is widely consumed in southern Brazil as a hot infusion drink known as chimarrão. This herb has a complex chemical composition and is rich in antioxidants, which may interfere in the course of chronic inflammatory diseases as breast cancer. This study investigated the impact of chimarrão consumption on the clinicopathological profile of women with breast cancer attended at Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Paraná, Brazil. Blood antioxidants and caffeine profiles were assessed. Decreases in reduced glutathione and metallothionein levels, and increase in catalase activity were observed among breast cancer patients that were chimarrão consumers. The levels of circulating caffeine in breast cancer patients with luminal A tumors were higher than those in patients with luminal B and HER-2 subtypes. Furthermore, overweight patients presented higher caffeine levels than the eutrophic ones. It was found positive associations between chimarrão intake and high body mass index, and chimarrão intake and menopause at diagnosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that chimarrão consumption affects the blood antioxidants of breast cancer patients, and that the caffeine present in this mixture may favor the development of tumor of good prognosis. HIGHLIGHTS Chimarrão consumption may affect the course of chronic inflammatory diseases, as breast cancer. Chimarrão intake changed blood antioxidants in breast cancer patients who were current consumers when compared to the non-consumers ones. High levels of caffeine were detected in patients bearing luminal A tumors, suggesting a protective role.
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Caffeine Increases Exercise Performance, Maximal Oxygen Uptake, and Oxygen Deficit in Elite Male Endurance Athletes.
Stadheim, HK, Stensrud, T, Brage, S, Jensen, J
Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2021;(11):2264-2273
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the present study were to test the hypothesis that caffeine increases maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) and to characterize the physiological mechanisms underpinning improved high-intensity endurance capacity. METHODS Twenty-three elite endurance-trained male athletes were tested twice with and twice without caffeine (four tests) in a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study with crossover design. Caffeine (4.5 mg·kg-1) or placebo was consumed 45 min before standardized warm-up. Time to exhaustion during an incremental test (running 10.5° incline, start speed 10.0 km·h-1, and 0.5 km·h-1 increase in speed every 30 s) determined performance. Oxygen uptake was measured continuously to determine V˙O2max and O2 deficit was calculated. RESULTS Caffeine increased time to exhaustion from 355 ± 41 to 375 ± 41 s (Δ19.4 ± 16.5 s; P < 0.001). Importantly, caffeine increased V˙O2max from 75.8 ± 5.6 to 76.7 ± 6.0 mL·kg-1·min-1 (Δ 0.9 ± 1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1; P < 0.003). Caffeine increased maximal heart rate (HRpeak) and ventilation (VEpeak). Caffeine increased O2 deficit from 63.1 ± 18.2 to 69.5 ± 17.5 mL·kg-1 (P < 0.02) and blood lactate compared with placebo. The increase in time to exhaustion after caffeine ingestion was reduced to 11.7 s after adjustment for the increase in V˙O2max. Caffeine did not significantly increase V˙O2max after adjustment for VEpeak and HRpeak. Adjustment for O2 deficit and lactate explained 6.2 s of the caffeine-induced increase in time to exhaustion. The increase in V˙O2max, VE, HR, O2 deficit, and lactate explained 63% of the increased performance after caffeine intake. CONCLUSION Caffeine increased V˙O2max in elite athletes, which contributed to improvement in high-intensity endurance performance. Increases in O2 deficit and lactate also contributed to the caffeine-induced improvement in endurance performance.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Coffee/Caffeine and Sport.
Contreras-Barraza, N, Madrid-Casaca, H, Salazar-Sepúlveda, G, Garcia-Gordillo, MÁ, Adsuar, JC, Vega-Muñoz, A
Nutrients. 2021;(9)
Abstract
This article provides an empirical overview of coffee/caffeine studies in relation to sport worldwide, an incipient but growing relationship that has existed since 1938, although systematized over time since 1999. The extracted articles were examined using a bibliometric approach based on data from 160 records stored in the Web of Science (JCR) between 1938 and August 2021, applying traditional bibliometric laws and using VOSviewer for data and metadata processing. Among the results, these articles highlight an exponential increase in scientific production in the last two decades, with a concentration in only 12 specific journals, the hegemony of the USA among the co-authorship networks of worldwide relevance, and the thematic and temporal segregation of the concepts under study. This article concludes a high fragmentation of the authors with the highest level of scientific production and an evolution of almost 20 years in relevant thematic topics, and a concurrent concentration in three large blocks: (1) coffee consumption and risk factors, (2) health and coffee consumption, and (3) metabolism and sport correlated with the intake of coffee, which are distanced in time, providing evidence of an evolution that gives way to the irruption of alternative visions in the relationship of coffee and caffeine with sport.
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Caffeine Doses of 3 mg/kg Increase Unilateral and Bilateral Vertical Jump Outcomes in Elite Traditional Jiu-Jitsu Athletes.
Merino Fernández, M, Ruiz-Moreno, C, Giráldez-Costas, V, Gonzalez-Millán, C, Matos-Duarte, M, Gutiérrez-Hellín, J, González-García, J
Nutrients. 2021;(5)
Abstract
Caffeine increases vertical jump, although its effects on kinetics and kinematics during different phases of bilateral and unilateral jumps remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of 3 mg/kg on kinetic, kinematic and temporal variables in the concentric and eccentric phases of bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps. A total of 16 Spanish national team traditional Jiu-Jitsu athletes took part in two experimental trials (3 mg/kg caffeine or placebo) in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Sixty minutes after ingestion, bilateral and unilateral jumps were performed on a force platform. Compared to the placebo, caffeine increased bilateral jump height (p = 0.008; Δ% = 4.40), flight time (p = 0.008; Δ% = 2.20), flight time:contraction time (p = 0.029; Δ% = 8.90), concentric impulse (p = 0.018; Δ% = 1.80), peak power (p = 0.049; Δ% = 2.50), RSI-modified (p = 0.011; Δ% = 11.50) and eccentric mean braking force (p = 0.045; Δ% = 4.00). Additionally, caffeine increased unilateral RSI-mod in both legs (Left: p = 0.034; Δ% = 7.65; Right: p = 0.004; Δ% = 11.83), left leg flight time (p = 0.044; Δ% = 1.91), left leg jump height (p = 0.039; Δ% = 3.75) and right leg FT:CT (p = 0.040; Δ% = 9.72). Caffeine in a dose of 3 mg/kg BM in elite Jiu-Jitsu athletes is a recommended ergogenic aid as it increased performance of bilateral and unilateral vertical jumps. These increases were also accompanied by modified jump execution during the different phases of the countermovement prior to take-off.
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Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on resistance exercise, jumping, and Wingate performance: no influence of habitual caffeine intake.
Grgic, J, Mikulic, P
European journal of sport science. 2021;(8):1165-1175
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Abstract
This study explored the influence of habitual caffeine intake on the acute effects of caffeine ingestion on resistance exercise, jumping, and Wingate performance. Resistance-trained males were tested following the ingestion of caffeine (3 mg/kg) and placebo (3 mg/kg of dextrose). Participants were classified as low caffeine users (n = 13; habitual caffeine intake: 65 ± 46 mg/day) and as moderate-to-high caffeine users (n = 11; habitual caffeine intake: 235 ± 82 mg/day). Exercise performance was evaluated by measuring: (a) movement velocity, power, and muscular endurance in the bench press; (b) countermovement jump; and, (c) a Wingate test, performed in that order. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect (p < 0.05) for condition in the majority of analyzed exercise outcomes. In all cases, effect sizes for condition favoured caffeine and ranged from 0.14 to 0.97. Mean increases in velocity and power in resistance exercise ranged from 0.02 to 0.08 m/s and 42 to 156 W, respectively. The number of performed repetitions increased by 1.2 and jump height by 0.9 cm. Increases in power in the Wingate test ranged from 31 to 75 W. We did not find significant group × condition interaction effect (p > 0.05) in any of the analyzed exercise outcomes. Additionally, there were no significant correlations (p > 0.05; r ranged from -0.29 to 0.32) between habitual caffeine intake and the absolute change in exercise performance. These results suggest that habitual caffeine intake might not moderate the ergogenic effects of acute caffeine supplementation on resistance exercise, jumping, and Wingate performance.